Bodhisatta

The terms Bodhisattva (Sanskrit) and Bodhisatta (Pali) refer to a central figure in Buddhist philosophy: a being who is on the path toward achieving Buddhahood. While the core definition is "one whose essence is enlightenment," the application of the term varies between different Buddhist traditions.

ETYMOLOGY: The word is a combination of two concepts:

1. Bodhi: Awakening or Enlightenment.

2. Sattva/Satta: A being, essence, or intent. Together, it translates to an "Awakening Being."

THE THERAVADA TRADITION (BODHISATTA) 

In the Theravada tradition, used largely in Southeast Asia, the term is applied specifically to the historical Buddha (Siddhartha Gautama) during the long period of time before he reached enlightenment. This includes his many previous lives, often chronicled in the "Jataka Tales," where he practiced extreme virtues to prepare for his final life. In this context, a Bodhisatta is a rare individual who has made a formal resolution to become a teacher of the world.

THE MAHAYANA TRADITION (BODHISATTVA) 

In Mahayana Buddhism, practiced largely in East Asia, the Bodhisattva becomes a universal ideal for all practitioners. The defining characteristic here is the "Bodhisattva Vow." A practitioner pledges to attain enlightenment but chooses to remain in the cycle of suffering (Samsara) to assist all other sentient beings in reaching liberation before they enter final Nirvana themselves. It is a path defined by "Karuna" (Great Compassion) and "Prajna" (Wisdom).

THE SIX PERFECTIONS (PARAMITAS) 

To fulfill the path, a Bodhisattva must master specific virtues:

• Generosity: Giving of one's time, possessions, and teachings.

• Morality: Maintaining ethical conduct and self-discipline.

• Patience: Practicing tolerance and endurance in the face of hardship.

• Energy: Applying joyful effort and persistence toward the goal.

• Meditation: Developing mental focus and clarity.

• Wisdom: Understanding the true nature of reality.

SUMMARY 

While a Buddha represents the final destination of total awakening, the Bodhisattva represents the journey and the altruistic intent to bring all of humanity along on that journey.