Aṅguttara Nikāya · Discourse 10.12

Five Factors

Dasadhammasutta — Nāthavagga — the second chapter of the Tens

Setting
None stated in the source
Speakers
The Buddha alone, addressing the mendicants
Form
Five things given up, five things possessed, then a closing verse restating both
Length
~1 minute to read
A verse closing a prose teaching
This discourse is unusual for restating its own prose content in verse immediately afterward, within the same page
Difficulty
★★☆☆☆ — brief, naming a well-known fivefold Dhamma category

Why this discourse

A mendicant who has given up the five hindrances and possesses the five aggregates of an adept — ethics, immersion, wisdom, freedom, and the knowledge and vision of freedom — is called consummate, accomplished, a supreme person, a teaching then restated in verse.

Reading guide

The teaching in one sentence

A mendicant who has given up the five hindrances and possesses the five aggregates of an adept — ethics, immersion, wisdom, freedom, and the knowledge and vision of freedom — is called consummate, accomplished, a supreme person.

Five given up, a familiar list

The five things given up are the standard hindrances already met repeatedly in this project: sensual desire, ill will, dullness and drowsiness, restlessness and remorse, and doubt.

Five possessed, the aggregates of an adept

The five things possessed are the classic ‘dhammakkhandha,’ the fivefold Dhamma body attributed to an adept (asekha, one beyond further training): ethics, immersion, wisdom, freedom, and knowledge and vision of freedom — the same final term that closed AN 10.1's entire ten-link chain, here serving as the culmination of just five.

Prose, then verse, of the same content

This discourse's distinctive structure restates its own prose teaching in verse immediately afterward — not a separate teaching but the identical ten-item content (five given up, five possessed) recast in poetic form within the same page, a compact demonstration of how the same doctrine could travel in either register.

Key terms

kevalī, kevalaṁ, uttamapuriso — “consummate, accomplished, a supreme person” — the discourse's own title concept, the outcome of having given up five things and gained five more.
kāmacchando, byāpādo, thinamiddhaṁ, uddhaccakukkuccaṁ, vicikicchā — the five hindrances — the same standard list already met repeatedly in this project, here what must be given up.
asekhena sīlakkhandhena samannāgato hoti — “has the entire spectrum of an adept's ethics” — the first of the five aggregates possessed, naming the standard of one beyond further training.
vimuttiñāṇadassanakkhandha — “the aggregate of knowledge and vision of freedom” — the fifth and final aggregate, the same closing term as AN 10.1's ten-link chain.
kevalī tehi vuccati — “they're called ‘consummate’” — the closing verse's own final line, restating the prose teaching's conclusion in verse.

The text

The discourse in full: five things given up, five things possessed, then a closing verse. Translation: Bhikkhu Sujato (CC0, SuttaCentral).

Five given up, five possessed

§1“Mendicants, in this teaching and training a mendicant who has given up five factors and possesses five factors is called consummate, accomplished, a supreme person. And how has a mendicant given up five factors? It’s when a mendicant has given up sensual desire, ill will, dullness and drowsiness, restlessness and remorse, and doubt. That’s how a mendicant has given up five factors. And how does a mendicant have five factors? It’s when a mendicant has the entire spectrum of an adept’s ethics, immersion, wisdom, freedom, and knowledge and vision of freedom. That’s how a mendicant has five factors. In this teaching and training a mendicant who has given up five factors and possesses five factors is called consummate, accomplished, a supreme person.

The same teaching, in verse

§2Sensual desire, ill will, dullness and drowsiness, restlessness, and doubt are not found in a mendicant at all. That sort are accomplished in an adept’s ethics, an adept’s immersion, and freedom and knowledge. Possessing these five factors, and rid of five factors, in this teaching and training they’re called ‘consummate’.”

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Self-check quiz

6 questions. Click an answer to see immediate feedback. No score is recorded — this is for your own checking.

Question 1 of 6
What five things must be given up, according to this discourse?
Correct: B. The standard hindrance list, already met repeatedly in this project.
Question 2 of 6
What five things must be possessed?
Correct: B. The classic ‘dhammakkhandha’, the fivefold Dhamma body.
Question 3 of 6
What is distinctive about this discourse's structure?
Correct: B. The same content in two registers, side by side.
Question 4 of 6
What term closes both this discourse's five aggregates and AN 10.1's entire ten-link chain?
Correct: C. The same culminating term, here closing a shorter fivefold list.
Question 5 of 6
What title does a mendicant with these ten qualities earn?
Correct: B. This discourse's own distinctive closing title, different from AN 10.8-10's ‘impressive all around’.
Question 6 of 6
Is a setting given for this discourse?
Correct: C. A bare doctrinal teaching, matching most discourses in this chapter.
Answered 0 of 6 · Correct 0