Reading guide
The teaching in one sentence
Beings are owners and heirs of their own deeds; crooked deeds by way of the ten unskillful courses of action lead to a crooked destiny, reborn in hell or as a creeping animal, while virtuous deeds lead to a virtuous destiny, reborn in heaven or an eminent, wealthy family.
A named exposition, formally announced
Unlike the immediately preceding discourses, this one opens with the Buddha explicitly naming and announcing “an exposition of the teaching on creepy creatures” before beginning — a formal frame signaling this discourse's own special, memorable status within the chapter.
The image itself: snakes, scorpions, and centipedes
The discourse names specific creeping animals directly — snakes, scorpions, centipedes, mongooses, cats, mice, owls, “or whatever other species of animal that creep away when they see humans” — linking the literal physical posture of these animals (low, evasive, keeping to the ground) to the moral “crookedness” of the deeds that produced such a rebirth.
A refrain repeated for every single item
The discourse's closing refrain — “this is how a being is born from a being, for your deeds determine your rebirth, and when you're reborn contacts strike you” — repeats after each of the ten unskillful items individually before the whole set closes, and again after the ten skillful items, giving this discourse an unusually insistent, chant-like structure.
Key terms
The text
An exposition announced
§1“Mendicants, I will teach you an exposition of the teaching on creepy creatures. Listen and apply your mind well, I will speak.” “Yes, sir,” they replied. The Buddha said this: “What is the exposition of the teaching on creepy creatures? Sentient beings are the owners of their deeds and heir to their deeds. Deeds are their womb, their relative, and their refuge. They shall be the heir of whatever deeds they do, whether good or bad.
Crooked deeds, crooked rebirth
§2Take a certain someone who kills living creatures. They’re violent, bloody-handed, a hardened killer, merciless to living beings. They’re creepy in body, speech, and mind. Doing crooked deeds by way of body, speech, and mind, their destiny and rebirth are crooked. Someone whose destiny and rebirth is crooked is reborn in one of two places, I say: in an exclusively painful hell, or among the species of creepy animals. And what are the species of creepy animals? Snakes, scorpions, centipedes, mongooses, cats, mice, owls, or whatever other species of animal that creep away when they see humans. This is how a being is born from a being. For your deeds determine your rebirth, and when you’re reborn contacts strike you. This is why I say that sentient beings are heirs to their deeds. Take someone else who steals … commits sexual misconduct … lies … backbites … speaks harshly … indulges in talking nonsense … is covetous … has cruel intentions … has wrong view … They’re creepy in body, speech, and mind. Doing crooked deeds by way of body, speech, and mind, their destiny and rebirth are crooked. Someone whose destiny and rebirth is crooked is reborn in one of two places, I say: in an exclusively painful hell, or among the species of creepy animals. And what are the species of creepy animals? Snakes, scorpions, centipedes, mongooses, cats, mice, owls, or whatever other species of animal that creep away when they see humans. This is how a being is born from a being. For your deeds determine your rebirth, and when you’re reborn contacts strike you. This is why I say that sentient beings are heirs to their deeds. Sentient beings are the owners of their deeds and heir to their deeds. Deeds are their womb, their relative, and their refuge. They shall be the heir of whatever deeds they do, whether good or bad.
Virtuous deeds, virtuous rebirth
§3Take a certain someone who gives up killing living creatures. They renounce the rod and the sword. They’re scrupulous and kind, living full of sympathy for all living beings. They’re not creepy in body, speech, and mind. Doing virtuous deeds by way of body, speech, and mind, their destiny and rebirth is virtuous. Someone whose destiny and rebirth is virtuous is reborn in one of two places, I say: in a heaven of perfect happiness, or in an eminent well-to-do family of aristocrats, brahmins, or householders—rich, affluent, and wealthy, with lots of gold and silver, lots of property and assets, and lots of money and grain. This is how a being is born from a being. For your deeds determine your rebirth, and when you’re reborn contacts strike you. This is why I say that sentient beings are heirs to their deeds. Take someone else who gives up stealing … sexual misconduct … lying … backbiting … harsh speech … talking nonsense … They’re content … kind hearted … they have right view … They’re not creepy in body, speech, and mind. Doing virtuous deeds by way of body, speech, and mind, their destiny and rebirth is virtuous. Someone whose destiny and rebirth is virtuous is reborn in one of two places, I say: in a heaven of perfect happiness, or in an eminent well-to-do family of aristocrats, brahmins, or householders—rich, affluent, and wealthy, with lots of gold and silver, lots of property and assets, and lots of money and grain. This is how a being is born from a being. For your deeds determine your rebirth, and when you’re reborn contacts strike you. This is why I say that sentient beings are heirs to their deeds. Sentient beings are the owners of their deeds and heir to their deeds. Deeds are their womb, their relative, and their refuge. They shall be the heir of whatever deeds they do, whether good or bad. This is the exposition of the teaching on creepy creatures.”
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