Aṅguttara Nikāya · Discourse 11.9

With Sandha

Saddhasutta — Nissayavagga — the first chapter of the Elevens

Setting
Ñātika, in the brick house
Speakers
The Buddha addressing Venerable Sandha
Form
A paired simile — the wild colt and the thoroughbred — followed by a verse of homage from the gods and a direct explanation
Length
~4 minutes to read
A named disciple, a vivid simile
One of this chapter's most narratively developed discourses, addressed to a specific named mendicant
Difficulty
★★★★☆ — a famous simile paired with a demanding description of meditation without dependence

Why this discourse

The Buddha tells Venerable Sandha to meditate like a thoroughbred horse, not a wild colt tied to a feeding trough thinking only ‘fodder, fodder!’: a wild colt, like an ordinary meditator, remains dependent on what obstructs it and meditates dependent on the elements, the formless dimensions, and every object of the senses, while a thoroughbred meditates without any such dependence at all, the perception of every one of those things having simply vanished.

Reading guide

The teaching in one sentence

A wild colt tied to a feeding trough meditates only on ‘fodder, fodder!’, just as an ordinary meditator remains overcome by the hindrances and dependent on the elements, the formless dimensions, and every sense object; a thoroughbred meditates independent of all such things, the perception of each having simply vanished, yet still genuinely meditates.

The wild colt's fodder

The simile's first half is vivid and specific: a wild colt tied up does not wonder what task the trainer has for it, but thinks only of the feed in front of it — matched to a person overcome by the five hindrances (sensual desire, ill will, dullness and drowsiness, restlessness and remorse, doubt) who meditates dependent on whatever object currently occupies the mind, from the elements up through the formless dimensions.

The thoroughbred's independence

A fine thoroughbred, by contrast, regards even the trainer's goad as a debt or misfortune rather than something to resent, and a person free of the hindrances meditates dependent on nothing at all — not earth, water, fire, or air, not any formless dimension, not this world or another, not anything seen, heard, thought, or known. The gods themselves, unable to understand the basis of such absorption, pay homage from afar.

How the thoroughbred actually meditates

Asked directly how this is possible, the Buddha explains that for such a person the very perception of each of these things — earth, water, the formless dimensions, this world, the other world, everything reached by the six senses — has vanished entirely, echoing the same ‘beyond all perceiving, yet still perceiving’ territory explored at AN 11.7 and AN 11.8, now delivered through narrative and simile rather than dialogue alone.

Key terms

ājānīya — “thoroughbred” — the discourse's central image for a meditator free of dependence, contrasted throughout with the wild colt.
khaḷuṅka — “wild colt” — the untrained horse tied to a feeding trough, standing for a meditator still overcome by the five hindrances.
nīvaraṇa — “hindrance” — the five obstacles (sensual desire, ill will, dullness and drowsiness, restlessness and remorse, doubt) that keep the wild-colt meditator dependent.
etaṁ santaṁ etaṁ paṇītaṁ — “this is peaceful, this is sublime” — not used verbatim here, but the same underlying territory as AN 11.7 and AN 11.8's shared closing formula.
saññā antarahitā hoti — “the perception... has vanished” — the Buddha's direct answer to Sandha, describing how the thoroughbred meditates without dependence.

The text

The discourse in full: the wild colt, the thoroughbred, the gods' verse of homage, and the Buddha's direct explanation. Translation: Bhikkhu Sujato (CC0, SuttaCentral).

The wild colt

§1At one time the Buddha was staying at Ñātika in the brick house. Then Venerable Sandha went up to the Buddha, bowed, and sat down to one side. The Buddha said to him: “Sandha, meditate like a thoroughbred, not like a wild colt. And how does a wild colt meditate? A wild colt, tied up by the feeding trough, meditates: ‘Fodder, fodder!’ Why is that? Because it doesn’t occur to the wild colt tied up by the feeding trough: ‘What task will the horse trainer have me do today? How should I respond?’ Tied up by the feeding trough they just meditate: ‘Fodder, fodder!’ In the same way, take a certain wild person who has gone to the forest, the root of a tree, or an empty hut. Their heart is overcome and mired in sensual desire, and they don’t truly understand the escape from sensual desire that has arisen. Harboring sensual desire within they meditate and concentrate and contemplate and ruminate. Their heart is overcome by ill will … dullness and drowsiness … restlessness and remorse … doubt … Harboring doubt within they meditate and concentrate and contemplate and ruminate. They meditate dependent on earth, water, fire, and air. They meditate dependent on the dimension of infinite space, infinite consciousness, nothingness, or neither perception nor non-perception. They meditate dependent on this world or the other world. They meditate dependent on what is seen, heard, thought, known, attained, sought, or explored by the mind. That’s how a wild colt meditates.

The thoroughbred

§2And how does a thoroughbred meditate? A fine thoroughbred, tied up by the feeding trough, doesn’t meditate: ‘Fodder, fodder!’ Why is that? Because it occurs to the fine thoroughbred tied up by the feeding trough: ‘What task will the horse trainer have me do today? How should I respond?’ Tied up by the feeding trough they don’t meditate: ‘Fodder, fodder!’ For that fine thoroughbred regards the use of the goad as a debt, a bond, a loss, a misfortune. In the same way, take a certain fine thoroughbred person who has gone to the forest, the root of a tree, or an empty hut. Their heart is not overcome and mired in sensual desire, and they truly understand the escape from sensual desire that has arisen. Their heart is not overcome by ill will … dullness and drowsiness … restlessness and remorse … doubt … They don’t meditate dependent on earth, water, fire, and air. They don’t meditate dependent on the dimension of infinite space, infinite consciousness, nothingness, or neither perception nor non-perception. They don’t meditate dependent on this world or the other world. They don’t meditate dependent on what is seen, heard, thought, known, attained, sought, or explored by the mind. Yet they do meditate. When a fine thoroughbred meditates like this, the gods together with Indra, the Divinity, and the Progenitor worship them from afar: ‘Homage to you, O thoroughbred! Homage to you, supreme among men! We don’t understand the basis of your absorption.’”

How the thoroughbred meditates

§3When he said this, Venerable Sandha asked the Buddha, “But sir, how does that fine thoroughbred meditate?” “Sandha, for a fine thoroughbred person, the perception of earth has vanished in relation to earth. The perception of water … fire … air has vanished in relation to air. The perception of the dimension of infinite space has vanished in relation to the dimension of infinite space. The perception of the dimension of infinite consciousness … nothingness … neither perception nor non-perception has vanished in relation to the dimension of neither perception nor non-perception. The perception of this world has vanished in relation to this world. The perception of the other world has vanished in relation to the other world. And the perception of what is seen, heard, thought, known, attained, sought, or explored by the mind has vanished. That’s how that fine thoroughbred person doesn’t meditate dependent on earth, water, fire, and air. They don’t meditate dependent on the dimension of infinite space, infinite consciousness, nothingness, or neither perception nor non-perception. They don’t meditate dependent on this world or the other world. They don’t meditate dependent on what is seen, heard, thought, known, attained, sought, or explored by the mind. Yet they do meditate. When a fine thoroughbred person meditates like this, the gods together with Indra, the Divinity, and the Progenitor worship them from afar: ‘Homage to you, O thoroughbred! Homage to you, supreme among men! We don’t understand the basis of your absorption.’”

· · ·

Self-check quiz

6 questions. Click an answer to see immediate feedback. No score is recorded — this is for your own checking.

Question 1 of 6
What does the wild colt tied to a feeding trough think of?
Correct: B. The image for a meditator still dependent on whatever object currently occupies the mind.
Question 2 of 6
What does the wild colt stand for in the simile?
Correct: B. Matched explicitly to someone mired in sensual desire, ill will, and the other hindrances.
Question 3 of 6
How does the thoroughbred regard the trainer's goad?
Correct: B. The thoroughbred's own attitude, contrasted with the wild colt's obliviousness.
Question 4 of 6
Who pays homage to the thoroughbred meditator, unable to understand the basis of the absorption?
Correct: B. The verse of homage spoken from afar.
Question 5 of 6
How does the Buddha explain the thoroughbred's meditation when Sandha asks directly?
Correct: B. Echoing the same territory explored at AN 11.7 and AN 11.8.
Question 6 of 6
Where is this discourse set?
Correct: B. A specific named location, addressed to Venerable Sandha by name.
Answered 0 of 6 · Correct 0