Aṅguttara Nikāya · Discourse 3.140

A Wild Colt

Assakhaḷuṅkasutta — Yodhājīvavagga — the fourteenth chapter of the Threes

Setting
None stated; the discourse continues from AN 3.1, whose setting at Sāvatthī is understood to hold
Speakers
The Buddha alone, addressing the mendicants
Form
A simile in three graded types, each type defined by which of three qualities it has
Length
~2 minutes to read
Northern parallel
Horse-training similes graded by speed, appearance, and form are preserved in the Chinese Āgamas; this reading guide does not assert a specific matching sutra number
Difficulty
★★☆☆☆ — a clear three-tier grading, worth comparing against its two neighbors

Why this discourse

Three grades of wild colt, and three matching grades of wild mendicant: one fast but neither beautiful nor well proportioned, one fast and beautiful but not well proportioned, and one that is all three. What makes a mendicant “fast” here is understanding the four noble truths — the entry-level attainment in a set of three horse-discourses that will climb steadily higher.

Reading guide

The teaching in one sentence

A mendicant, like a wild colt, can have speed without beauty or proportion, speed and beauty without proportion, or all three together, and only the third grade is complete.

The three qualities, held constant across this set

Speed, beauty, and good proportion are the three qualities. What changes across AN 3.140, 141, and 142 is not these three labels but what “speed” is defined to mean. In this discourse, beauty and proportion are already fixed for the whole set: beauty is answering a question about the teaching or training without faltering, and proportion is actually receiving robes, almsfood, lodging, and medicine.

Speed, at this grade: the four noble truths

Here, being “fast” means truly understanding the four noble truths — the same formula AN 3.133 uses for marksmanship. It is the collection’s baseline definition of genuine attainment, the least advanced of the three levels this set of discourses will use for speed.

Why beauty and proportion can fail independently

A mendicant can genuinely understand the four truths and still falter under questioning — understanding is not the same as being able to explain it under pressure. And a mendicant who understands and can explain can still go without adequate robes or food, since neither attainment nor articulacy guarantees material support. The three qualities are logically independent, which is exactly why the discourse needs three grades rather than one.

A blunt admission about support

It is worth noticing plainly what “well proportioned” actually measures: whether the mendicant is fed, housed, clothed, and cared for when sick. The discourse does not pretend that attainment guarantees provision. A genuinely awakened mendicant can, on this reckoning, still be materially neglected — the third grade names an external condition dependent on the surrounding community's generosity, not solely on the mendicant's own practice.

Where this set is heading

AN 3.140’s wild colts define speed as the four truths; AN 3.141’s excellent horses will raise it to non-return; AN 3.142’s thoroughbred will raise it again to arahantship. Beauty and proportion never move. Only the third factor climbs, three rungs, discourse by discourse.

Key terms

assakhaḷuṅka — “a wild, untrained colt” — the discourse’s image for the least advanced of the three grades this set of horse-similes will describe.
javasampanna — “endowed with speed” — here defined as understanding of the four noble truths, the entry-level definition in this three-discourse set.
vaṇṇasampanna — “endowed with beauty” — answering a question about the teaching or training without faltering, fixed across all three discourses of this set.
ārohapariṇāhasampanna — “endowed with good height and girth, well proportioned” — actually receiving robes, almsfood, lodging, and medicine, also fixed across the set.
cattāri ariyasaccāni — “the four noble truths” — suffering, its origin, its cessation, and the path to its cessation, the content of “speed” at this first grade.

The text

The discourse in full: the three wild colts, the three wild people, and each grade defined in turn. Translation: Bhikkhu Sujato (CC0, SuttaCentral).

Three wild colts, three wild people

§1“Mendicants, I will teach you about three wild colts and three wild people. Listen and apply your mind well, I will speak.” “Yes, sir,” they replied. The Buddha said this: “What are the three wild colts? One wild colt is fast, but not beautiful or well proportioned. Another wild colt is fast and beautiful, but not well proportioned. While another wild colt is fast, beautiful, and well proportioned. These are the three wild colts. And what are the three wild people? One wild person is fast, but not beautiful or well proportioned. Another wild person is fast and beautiful, but not well proportioned. While another wild person is fast, beautiful, and well proportioned.

Fast alone

§2And how is a wild person fast, but not beautiful or well proportioned? It’s when a mendicant truly understands: ‘This is suffering’ … ‘This is the origin of suffering’ … ‘This is the cessation of suffering’ … ‘This is the practice that leads to the cessation of suffering’. This is how they’re fast, I say. But when asked a question about the teaching or training, they falter without answering. This is how they’re not beautiful, I say. And they don’t receive robes, almsfood, lodgings, and medicines and supplies for the sick. This is how they’re not well proportioned, I say. This is how a wild person is fast, but not beautiful or well proportioned.

Fast and beautiful

§3And how is a wild person fast and beautiful, but not well proportioned? It’s when a mendicant truly understands: ‘This is suffering’ … ‘This is the origin of suffering’ … ‘This is the cessation of suffering’ … ‘This is the practice that leads to the cessation of suffering’. This is how they’re fast, I say. When asked a question about the teaching or training, they answer without faltering. This is how they’re beautiful, I say. But they don’t receive robes, almsfood, lodgings, and medicines and supplies for the sick. This is how they’re not well proportioned, I say. This is how a wild person is fast and beautiful, but not well proportioned.

Fast, beautiful, and well proportioned

§4And how is a wild person fast, beautiful, and well proportioned? It’s when a mendicant truly understands: ‘This is suffering’ … ‘This is the origin of suffering’ … ‘This is the cessation of suffering’ … ‘This is the practice that leads to the cessation of suffering’. This is how they’re fast, I say. When asked a question about the teaching or training, they answer without faltering. This is how they’re beautiful, I say. They receive robes, almsfood, lodgings, and medicines and supplies for the sick. This is how they’re well proportioned, I say. This is how a wild person is fast, beautiful, and well proportioned. These are the three wild people.”

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Self-check quiz

Ten questions. Click an answer to see immediate feedback. No score is recorded — this is for your own checking.

Question 1 of 10
What three qualities grade the wild colts and wild people in this discourse?
Correct: B. Three qualities that combine independently across the discourse's three grades.
Question 2 of 10
What does "speed" mean at this grade?
Correct: B. The same four-truths formula AN 3.133 uses for marksmanship.
Question 3 of 10
What does "beauty" mean, and does it change across this three-discourse set?
Correct: B. Beauty and proportion are held constant; only speed's definition climbs.
Question 4 of 10
What does "well proportioned" actually measure?
Correct: B. A blunt, material measure dependent on the surrounding community's generosity.
Question 5 of 10
Can a mendicant understand the four truths and still fail the other two grades?
Correct: B. Understanding is not the same as explaining under pressure, and neither guarantees material support.
Question 6 of 10
What does the guide say is notable about a genuinely attained mendicant possibly lacking support?
Correct: B. An external condition, not solely a function of the mendicant's own practice.
Question 7 of 10
What happens to the definition of "speed" across AN 3.140, 3.141, and 3.142?
Correct: B. Three rungs, discourse by discourse, with only the third factor climbing.
Question 8 of 10
How many grades of wild colt and wild person does the discourse describe?
Correct: B. A graded set, ascending toward completeness.
Question 9 of 10
What is the discourse's overall structure?
Correct: B. The animal simile and its application share an identical three-part structure.
Question 10 of 10
Which discourse in this collection also uses the four noble truths formula for a martial image?
Correct: B. The vagga's opening warrior simile uses the identical formula for its second skill.
Answered 0 of 10 · Correct 0