Aṅguttara Nikāya · Discourse 5.138

Eating Food

Bhattādakasutta — Rājavagga — the fourteenth chapter of the Fives

Setting
None stated; the discourse continues from AN 5.1, whose setting at Sāvatthī in Jeta’s Grove is understood to hold
Speakers
The Buddha alone, addressing the mendicants
Form
a wry elephant simile, questioning what a formal title actually secures
Length
~1 minute to read
Northern parallel
not identified in this collection
Difficulty
★☆☆☆☆ — short, with a pointed, almost satirical edge

Why this discourse

A wry, pointed discourse: a royal elephant that eats food, takes up space, drops dung, and wears its ticket is still formally ‘reckoned’ a royal elephant — even if it's practically useless. The same is said of a mendicant who merely occupies the role without functioning within it.

Reading guide

A formal title, emptied of substance

A royal bull elephant that eats food, takes up space, drops dung, and takes a ticket — the bare minimum of formal occupancy — is ‘still reckoned a royal bull elephant’, regardless of whether it actually functions as one.

The single disqualifying quality

What makes such an elephant practically useless, despite its formal status, is the same akkhama pentad already seen at AN 5.85 and 5.113: inability to endure sights, sounds, smells, tastes, and touches.

The mendicant's parallel

A mendicant with this same inability is described in nearly identical terms: eating food, taking up space, trampling beds and chairs, and taking a ticket — still formally ‘reckoned a mendicant’, whatever their actual practical value.

The wit of the comparison

This discourse's real point lands with a certain dryness: being formally counted in a role is entirely compatible with total practical uselessness within it, so long as one merely occupies the costume rather than fulfilling the function.

A fourth appearance of this pentad

This is the third time in this nipāta that the akkhama/khama sense-tolerance pentad has appeared, after AN 5.85 (social standing) and AN 5.113 (right immersion) — each time with a different consequence attached to the same underlying quality.

What comes next

AN 5.139 gives the fullest, most elaborate treatment of this same pentad yet, unpacking each item through a vivid battle scenario.

Key terms

rañño nāgo — “a royal bull elephant” — this discourse's figurative subject.
saṅkhaṁ gacchati — “is reckoned as, counted as” — naming formal status regardless of actual function.
bhattādaka — “eating food” — this discourse's title, the bare minimum of formal occupancy.
akkhama — unable to endure — the disqualifying quality, reused from AN 5.85 and 5.113.
mañcapīṭhamaddano — “trampling beds and chairs” — the mendicant's parallel to the elephant's dung-dropping, a mark of practical uselessness.

The text

The discourse in full: a formally 'royal' elephant, and a formally 'mendicant' counterpart, both practically useless despite their titles. Translation: Bhikkhu Sujato (CC0, SuttaCentral).

A royal elephant in name only

§1“Mendicants, a royal bull elephant with five factors eats food, takes up space, drops dung, and takes a ticket, yet is still reckoned a royal bull elephant. What five? It’s when a royal bull elephant can’t endure sights, sounds, smells, tastes, and touches. A royal bull elephant with these five factors eats food, takes up space, drops dung, and takes a ticket, yet is still reckoned a royal bull elephant.

A mendicant in name only

§2In the same way, a mendicant with five qualities eats food, takes up space, tramples beds and chairs, and takes a ticket, yet is still reckoned a mendicant. What five? It’s when a mendicant can’t endure sights, sounds, smells, tastes, and touches. A mendicant with these five qualities eats food, takes up space, tramples beds and chairs, and takes a ticket, yet is still reckoned a mendicant.”

· · ·

Self-check quiz

Ten questions. Click an answer to see immediate feedback. No score is recorded — this is for your own checking.

Question 1 of 10
What does the discourse say about an elephant that merely eats, takes up space, drops dung, and wears its ticket?
Correct: B. Formal status, independent of practical function.
Question 2 of 10
What single quality disqualifies such an elephant from being practically useful?
Correct: A. The akkhama pentad, reused from earlier discourses.
Question 3 of 10
What does the mendicant's parallel behavior include?
Correct: A. The mendicant's equivalent bare minimum of formal occupancy.
Question 4 of 10
What is the discourse's real point, described with a certain dryness?
Correct: B. Occupying the costume rather than fulfilling the function.
Question 5 of 10
Where has the akkhama pentad appeared twice before in this nipāta?
Correct: A. Social standing and right immersion, respectively.
Question 6 of 10
What does 'saṅkhaṁ gacchati' mean?
Correct: A. Naming formal status independent of function.
Question 7 of 10
What does 'mañcapīṭhamaddano' describe?
Correct: B. A mark of practical uselessness, paralleling the elephant's dung-dropping.
Question 8 of 10
What tone does this discourse take, compared to most of this nipāta?
Correct: B. A pointed edge, worth noticing.
Question 9 of 10
What chapter does this discourse belong to?
Correct: B. Continuing the chapter's royal-elephant imagery.
Question 10 of 10
What does AN 5.139 do with this same pentad?
Correct: B. The most elaborate version of this recurring formula.
Answered 0 of 10 · Correct 0