Itivuttaka · Discourse 55

Searches (2nd)

The Book of the Threes, Chapter One

Setting
None given — like almost every Itivuttaka discourse, no place, audience, or occasion is named
Form
The same three searches as Iti 54, followed by a longer, two-stanza verse that links searching to dogmatic views
Segments
18 (iti55:1.1–5.1)
Length
Under 1 minute to read
Parallel
No complete Chinese Itivuttaka survives for comparison; no specific parallel is asserted here
Difficulty
★★★☆☆ — the added material on “grounds for views” makes this the more demanding of the two Searches discourses

Why this discourse, fifty-fifth

Iti 55 repeats the same three searches named in Iti 54 — for sensual pleasures, for continued existence, for a spiritual path — but its verse goes further than Iti 54’s did, adding a fourth element to the picture: “the holding tight to the thought ‘this is the truth,’ and the mass of grounds for views.” Where Iti 54 ended in the neutral “hungerless, quenched,” this discourse ends somewhere more specific — “free of hope and indecision” — suggesting that the freedom in view is what completing the analysis of searching ultimately clears away.

Reading guide

The teaching in one sentence

The same three searches named at Iti 54 — for sensual pleasures, for a good rebirth, for a spiritual path — are here bound together with “the holding tight to the thought ‘this is the truth’” and “the mass of grounds for views,” and it is only when both the searching and the dogmatism are relinquished that a mendicant is “free of hope and indecision.”

Searching and views, joined

Iti 54 treated searching largely on its own. Iti 55 draws an explicit line from searching to a second problem: fixed views. “The holding tight to the thought ‘this is the truth’” is a recognizable description of dogmatism — not having a view, but gripping it, insisting on it as uniquely correct. The verse pairs this with “the mass of grounds for views,” suggesting that unexamined searching and rigid view-holding are not separate problems but two expressions of the same underlying restlessness. Someone still searching for existence or for a path is exactly the kind of person likely to seize on a view and defend it as settled truth.

What is undone together

The second stanza describes one outcome unfolding in two matched halves: “that searching has been relinquished, and those grounds for views eradicated.” Neither is described as happening without the other. This is a notable structural choice — the discourse does not present ending views as a separate, later achievement after searching ends, but as arising together, for someone “detached from all lusts, freed by the ending of craving.”

A different ending than Iti 54

Iti 54 ended with the mendicant “hungerless, quenched” — the same phrase used for feeling and, later, for defilements. Iti 55 instead ends “free of hope and indecision,” a phrase that speaks directly to the condition of someone who has stopped searching for certainty in a particular thesis. Read side by side, the two Searches discourses suggest that ending the search for a spiritual path does not simply produce quiet contentment; it specifically produces freedom from the anxious back-and-forth of hoping some view is right and doubting whether it is.

Key terms

the three searches — for sensual pleasures, for continued existence (here glossed as “a good rebirth”), and for a spiritual path; identical to the list at Iti 54.
“this is the truth” — the discourse’s description of dogmatic conviction, holding a view tightly as uniquely correct.
grounds for views — the underlying basis on which dogmatic positions are built; described as a “mass,” suggesting bulk and entanglement rather than a single simple mistake.
detachment from all lusts — the condition under which both searching and view-holding are said to fall away together.
“free of hope and indecision” — this discourse’s closing description, distinct from Iti 54’s “hungerless, quenched.”

The text

The discourse in full — the same three searches as Iti 54, with a longer, two-stanza verse. Translation: Bhikkhu Sujato (CC0, SuttaCentral).

§1This was said by the Buddha, the Perfected One: that is what I heard.

§2“Mendicants, there are these three searches. What three? The search for sensual pleasures, the search for continued existence, and the search for a spiritual path. These are the three searches.” The Buddha spoke this matter. On this it is said:

§3“The search for sensual pleasures, for a good rebirth,
and the search for a spiritual path;
the holding tight to the thought, ‘this is the truth’,
and the mass of grounds for views—

§4for one detached from all lusts,
freed by the ending of craving,
that searching has been relinquished,
and those grounds for views eradicated.
With the ending of searches, a mendicant
is free of hope and indecision.”

§5This too is a matter that was spoken by the Blessed One: that is what I heard.

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Self-check quiz

Ten questions. Click an answer to see immediate feedback. No score is recorded — this is for your own checking.

Question 1 of 10
What are the “three searches” named in this discourse?
Correct: A. The same three searches as Iti 54.
Question 2 of 10
What does the verse add to the picture of searching that Iti 54’s verse did not include?
Correct: C. This discourse explicitly links searching to dogmatic view-holding.
Question 3 of 10
According to the verse, what happens to searching and to grounds for views for one “detached from all lusts, freed by the ending of craving”?
Correct: B. The reading guide highlights that neither is described as happening without the other.
Question 4 of 10
How does this discourse's verse end, in contrast to Iti 54's "hungerless, quenched"?
Correct: D. A distinct closing phrase from its companion discourse.
Question 5 of 10
According to the reading guide, what does “the holding tight to the thought ‘this is the truth’” describe?
Correct: B. The reading guide is explicit that this describes dogmatic conviction, not right view itself.
Question 6 of 10
According to the reading guide, what connection does this discourse draw between unexamined searching and rigid view-holding?
Correct: C. Someone still searching is exactly the kind of person likely to seize on and defend a view.
Question 7 of 10
Is Iti 55's list of three searches different from Iti 54's list?
Correct: A. Both discourses name sensual pleasures, continued existence, and a spiritual path; the elaboration is in the verse.
Question 8 of 10
Does this discourse name a narrative setting?
Correct: D. The text moves directly from the opening formula to the teaching.
Question 9 of 10
What image describes the “grounds for views” in the verse?
Correct: B. “The mass of grounds for views” — suggesting bulk and entanglement.
Question 10 of 10
According to the reading guide, what does reading Iti 54 and Iti 55 side by side suggest about ending the search for a spiritual path?
Correct: C. The distinct closing phrases of the two discourses point to this difference.
Answered 0 of 10 · Correct 0