Saṃyutta Nikāya · Discourse 1.21

A Sword

Sattisutta

Setting
Near Sāvatthī, in Jeta’s Grove — the recurring frame, resumed after this vagga's predecessor dropped it almost entirely
Speakers
An unnamed deity and the Buddha, in a single exchange of verses
Form
A four-line verse of urgency, answered by the same verse with only its final line changed
Length
~45 seconds to read
Difficulty
★★☆☆☆ — simple in form, though its single substitution carries real doctrinal weight
Opening this vagga
The first discourse of the Sattivagga (‘the Chapter on a Sword’), which takes its name from this discourse's opening image

Why this discourse

The deity's verse is one of urgency: as if struck by a sword, as if one's head were on fire, a mendicant should go forth mindfully — to give up sensual desire. The Buddha's reply repeats every word of this verse except its very last phrase: the same urgency, the same imagery, but aimed at giving up sakkāyadiṭṭhi, substantialist or identity view, instead. The deity names the danger most people would name first; the Buddha's answer, changing nothing but the target, names a deeper one.

Reading guide

An image of extreme urgency

Being struck by a sword and having one's head catch fire are this discourse's opening images — not gradual dangers to be addressed in due course, but emergencies demanding immediate response. The verse frames spiritual practice with exactly this same urgency.

One word changed, a different target named

Three of this verse's four lines are identical between the deity's version and the Buddha's. Only the object of ‘giving up’ changes: kāmarāga, sensual desire, in the deity's verse, becomes sakkāyadiṭṭhi, the view that there is a substantial self identified with the aggregates, in the Buddha's.

Why identity view might be named as the deeper danger

Sensual desire is the danger most readily recognized as needing urgent abandonment; identity view is more easily overlooked, since it operates as an assumption underneath ordinary experience rather than as a felt craving. By keeping the deity's urgent imagery and simply redirecting it, the Buddha's reply treats identity view as no less urgent a matter than sensual desire — arguably more foundational, since it structures how desire itself is experienced as belonging to a self.

A vagga named for its opening image

This is the first discourse in this collection so far whose vagga is named after its own opening image rather than its closing one: satti, ‘sword,’ the emergency-image this verse opens with, gives the whole Sattivagga its name — unlike the Naḷavagga, named after its final discourse's closing simile.

Key terms

satti — “sword” — the emergency-image this discourse opens with, and the source of this vagga's own name.
ādittasīsūpamo — “like one whose head is on fire” — the second emergency-image, paired with the sword to convey maximum urgency.
kāmarāgassa pahānāya — “to give up sensual desire” — the deity's own stated goal for this urgent going-forth.
sakkāyadiṭṭhippahānāya — “to give up substantialist view” — the Buddha's single substitution, redirecting the same urgency toward the view of a substantial self.
sato bhikkhu pabbaje — “a mendicant, mindful, should go forth” — the shared central instruction both verses agree on, before their final lines diverge.

The text

The discourse in full: an urgent verse on going forth, answered by the same verse redirected toward a deeper target. Translation: Bhikkhu Sujato (CC0, SuttaCentral).

§1At Sāvatthī. Standing to one side, that deity spoke this verse in the Buddha’s presence:

§2“Like they’re struck by a sword, like their head was on fire, a mendicant, mindful, should go forth, to give up sensual desire.”

§3“Like they’re struck by a sword, like their head was on fire, a mendicant, mindful, should go forth, to give up substantialist view.”

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Self-check quiz

Ten questions. Click an answer to see immediate feedback. No score is recorded — this is for your own checking.

Question 1 of 10
What two images does the deity's verse use to convey urgency?
Correct: A. Two emergency-images, demanding immediate rather than gradual response.
Question 2 of 10
What does the deity's verse say a mendicant should go forth to give up?
Correct: A. The deity's own stated goal, before the Buddha's substitution.
Question 3 of 10
What single change does the Buddha's reply make to the deity's verse?
Correct: A. Three lines unchanged; only the final target of 'giving up' differs.
Question 4 of 10
What does 'sakkāyadiṭṭhi' mean?
Correct: A. Identity view, the Buddha's substituted target.
Question 5 of 10
Why might identity view be treated as no less urgent than sensual desire?
Correct: A. A foundational assumption beneath ordinary experience, not a felt craving.
Question 6 of 10
What gives the Sattivagga its name?
Correct: A. Unlike the Naḷavagga, named after its closing simile, this vagga is named after its opening image.
Question 7 of 10
What is the setting of this discourse?
Correct: A. Resumed here after the previous vagga largely dropped narrative framing.
Question 8 of 10
How many lines of the deity's and the Buddha's verses are identical?
Correct: A. Only the final line's target of 'giving up' differs.
Question 9 of 10
What instruction do both verses share before their final lines diverge?
Correct: A. The shared central instruction, common to both verses.
Question 10 of 10
Does the Buddha's reply reject the urgency of the deity's imagery?
Correct: A. The urgency itself is preserved; only what it is urgent about changes.
Answered 0 of 10 · Correct 0