Saṃyutta Nikāya · Discourse 1.41

On Fire

Ādittasutta

Setting
Near Sāvatthī, in Jeta’s Grove — the recurring frame
Speakers
An unnamed deity, speaking alone in an extended verse
Form
A single sustained verse of five stanzas, developing one image throughout
Length
~1.5 minutes to read
Difficulty
★★☆☆☆ — direct in form, building one extended comparison
Opening this vagga
The first discourse of the Ādittavagga (‘the Chapter on Fire’), named for this discourse's opening image

Why this discourse

This discourse builds a single sustained comparison across five stanzas: when a house catches fire, you rescue the useful pot, not the one already burnt — and since the whole world is likewise on fire, consumed by old age and death, the only way to truly rescue anything is by giving it away. What is given bears the fruit of happiness; what is kept is eventually lost regardless — to bandits, rulers, fire, or simple loss — and at death, the corpse itself is cast off along with every possession never given.

Reading guide

A house on fire, extended to the whole world

The verse's opening image is domestic and immediate: rescuing a useful pot from a burning house, leaving behind whatever is already ruined. The second stanza expands this single-house scale to the entire world, on fire ‘with old age and death’ — treating impermanence itself as the fire, and giving as the only genuine rescue available.

Giving as the only lasting form of keeping

The verse's logic is deliberately counterintuitive: what is given bears fruit as happiness, while what is kept is eventually lost anyway — to theft, taxation, fire, or simple misfortune. Rather than framing giving as a sacrifice of what could otherwise be kept safely, the verse treats unshared possessions as already, inevitably, lost.

A corpse cast off with everything unshared

The verse's final image is stark: death casts off the corpse ‘along with all your possessions’ — nothing kept is kept past that point regardless of how carefully it was guarded. A clever person, understanding this, both enjoys their possessions and gives them away, according to their means.

A vagga named for an opening image, again

Like the Sattivagga before it, this vagga takes its name from its opening discourse's central image — here, fire — rather than from a recurring group of deities or a closing simile. The pattern of naming a vagga after its first discourse, established at SN 1.11 and SN 1.21, continues here.

Key terms

āditta — “on fire, ablaze” — this discourse's title, and the image extended from a single house to the entire world.
jarāya maraṇena ca — “with old age and death” — what the verse names as the fire consuming the whole world, the counterpart to a literal house fire.
dinnaṁ hoti sukhudrayaṁ — “what's given has happiness as its fruit” — the verse's central claim, contrasted directly with what is kept and eventually lost.
adinnaṁ — “what isn't given” — named as vulnerable to bandits, rulers, fire, or simple loss, regardless of how carefully it is guarded.
bhuñjetha ca dadetha ca — “would enjoy what they have and also give it away” — the verse's practical conclusion, describing a balance rather than an extreme.

The text

The discourse in full: a single sustained comparison between a burning house and the burning world. Translation: Bhikkhu Sujato (CC0, SuttaCentral).

A deity arrives, and speaks at length

§1So I have heard. At one time the Buddha was staying near Sāvatthī in Jeta’s Grove, Anāthapiṇḍika’s Monastery. Then, late at night, a glorious deity, lighting up the entire Jeta’s Grove, went up to the Buddha, bowed, stood to one side, and recited these verses in the Buddha’s presence:

§2“When your house is on fire, you rescue the pot that’s useful, not the one that’s burnt. And as the world is on fire with old age and death, you should rescue by giving, for what’s given is rescued.

§3What’s given has happiness as its fruit, but not what isn’t given. Bandits take it, or rulers, it’s consumed by fire, or lost. Then in the end this corpse is cast off, along with all your possessions. Knowing this, a clever person would enjoy what they have and also give it away. After giving and using according to their means, blameless, they go to a heavenly place.”

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Self-check quiz

Ten questions. Click an answer to see immediate feedback. No score is recorded — this is for your own checking.

Question 1 of 10
What image does the verse open with?
Correct: A. The domestic scale the verse then expands.
Question 2 of 10
What does the verse say the whole world is 'on fire' with?
Correct: A. Impermanence itself treated as the fire consuming everything.
Question 3 of 10
What does the verse claim about what is given versus what is kept?
Correct: A. A deliberately counterintuitive claim about giving as the real form of keeping.
Question 4 of 10
What four things does the verse name as threats to unshared possessions?
Correct: A. Multiple, ordinary ways possessions are eventually lost regardless of care taken.
Question 5 of 10
What image closes the verse?
Correct: A. Nothing kept is kept past the point of death, regardless of how it was guarded.
Question 6 of 10
What practical balance does the verse recommend?
Correct: A. Bhuñjetha ca dadetha ca — a balance, not an extreme.
Question 7 of 10
What gives this vagga its name?
Correct: A. Following the naming pattern already seen at SN 1.11 and SN 1.21.
Question 8 of 10
How many stanzas does this discourse's verse contain?
Correct: A. A single sustained comparison developed across five stanzas.
Question 9 of 10
What is the setting of this discourse?
Correct: A. The Devatāsaṃyutta's standard frame, resumed after the previous vagga's varied settings.
Question 10 of 10
Does the verse frame giving as a sacrifice of what could otherwise be kept safely?
Correct: A. A reframing of what 'keeping' actually accomplishes.
Answered 0 of 10 · Correct 0