Saṃyutta Nikāya · Discourse 10.5

With Sānu

Sānusutta

Setting
Sāvatthī, Jeta's Grove, Anāthapiṇḍika's monastery
Speakers
An unnamed lay woman, a native spirit, and her son Sānu
Form
A mother's lament, a spirit's confirming reply, and a mother-son dialogue on the meaning of grief
Length
~4 minutes to read
Northern parallel
A rough counterpart may exist in the Chinese Saṃyukta-āgama (T99), though this reading guide does not assert a specific matching sutra number
Difficulty
★★★★☆ — the most emotionally direct discourse in this saṃyutta, handled with the source's own restraint

Why this discourse

This discourse begins with an ordinary human crisis, not a philosophical puzzle: a lay woman's son, Sānu, has been seized by a native spirit, and she weeps, reciting what she'd always believed — that spirits leave alone anyone observing the sabbath and leading a spiritual life. A spirit confirms her belief was correct and offers ethical advice for Sānu once he recovers. But the discourse's real weight lands afterward, in the exchange between mother and recovered son: confused why she wept for him while he's plainly alive, Sānu receives an answer that redefines what ‘alive’ and ‘dead’ actually mean, closing with images of rescue refused and danger deliberately chosen again.

Reading guide

A crisis framed in ordinary, human terms first

Before any teaching begins, this discourse presents a recognizable domestic emergency — a mother's child afflicted, her genuine grief — grounding the exchange that follows in real emotional stakes rather than abstract inquiry.

A belief confirmed, not corrected

Unlike several other discourses in this collection built around correcting a mistaken view, the spirit's reply here simply affirms that what the woman heard from the arahants was accurate — her distress isn't from having believed something false, but from watching that true teaching seemingly fail in her own son's case.

Practical ethical advice offered for after recovery

The spirit's message for Sānu isn't abstract comfort; it is direct and simple — don't do bad deeds, openly or in secret — paired with the plain warning that such deeds bring suffering regardless of any attempt to escape.

A son's honest confusion, met with a redefinition of death

Sānu's question is entirely reasonable: people weep for the dead or the missing, and he's neither, so why does his mother cry? Her answer doesn't dismiss the question; it expands what death can mean, describing someone who abandons a genuine spiritual commitment to return to worldly pursuit as ‘though still alive, really dead.’

Rescue imagery carrying the discourse's final, urgent warning

The closing lines don't argue further; they pile up images of danger already escaped and then deliberately re-entered — hot coals, an abyss, a fire — each one asking, without needing to say so directly, why anyone would choose to return to what they were fortunate enough to leave.

Key terms

yakkhena gahito — “seized by a native spirit” — Sānu's affliction, framed in the ancient idiom of spirit possession.
uposathaṁ upavasanti, brahmacariyaṁ caranti — “observing the sabbath…leading the spiritual life” — the practice the mother believed protected against such affliction, later confirmed as accurate.
mākāsi pāpakaṁ kammaṁ, āvi vā yadi vā raho — “don't do bad deeds, either openly or in secret” — the spirit's direct ethical advice for Sānu once he recovers.
yo ca kāme cajitvāna, punarāgacchate idha…puna jīvaṁ mato hi so — “someone who has given up sensual pleasures, only to come back here again…though still alive they're really dead” — the mother's redefinition of death around spiritual regression.
kukkuḷā ubbhato…narakā ubbhato…puna patitumicchasi — “rescued from hot coals…rescued from the abyss…you want to plunge right back” — the discourse's vivid closing images of danger chosen again.

The text

The discourse in full. Translation: Bhikkhu Sujato (CC0, SuttaCentral).

§1At one time the Buddha was staying near Sāvatthī in Jeta’s Grove, Anāthapiṇḍika’s monastery. Now at that time a certain lay woman had a son named Sānu who had been seized by a native spirit. And as that lay woman wept, on that occasion she recited these verses:

§2“I have heard this from the perfected ones. The native spirits will not mess with anyone who leads the spiritual life by observing the sabbath complete in all eight factors on the fourteenth and the fifteenth days, and the eighth day of the fortnight, as well as on the fortnight of special displays. But now today I see native spirits messing with Sānu.”

§3“What you heard from the perfected ones is right. The native spirits will not mess with anyone who leads the spiritual life by observing the sabbath complete in all eight factors on the fourteenth and the fifteenth days, and the eighth day of the fortnight, as well as on the fortnight of special displays.

§4When Sānu regains consciousness tell him this saying of the native spirits: Don’t do bad deeds either openly or in secret. If you should do a bad deed, or you’re doing one now, you won’t be freed from suffering, though you fly away and flee.”

§5“Mum, they cry for the dead, or for one who’s alive but missing. I’m alive and you can see me, so mum, why do you weep for me?”

§6“Son, they cry for the dead, or for one who’s alive but missing. But someone who has given up sensual pleasures only to come back here again: they cry for them as well, for though still alive they’re really dead.

§7My dear, you’ve been rescued from hot coals, and you want to plunge right back in them! My dear, you’ve been rescued from the abyss, and you want to plunge right back there!

§8Hurry up, good luck to you! To whom should we complain? A valuable saved from a fire, you want to burn again!”

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Self-check quiz

Ten questions. Click an answer to see immediate feedback. No score is recorded — this is for your own checking.

Question 1 of 10
What crisis opens this discourse?
Correct: A. A recognizable domestic emergency grounding the exchange in real emotional stakes.
Question 2 of 10
What did the mother believe about spirits and sabbath observance?
Correct: A. A belief her son's affliction seems to contradict, prompting her grief.
Question 3 of 10
How does the spirit's reply relate to the mother's stated belief?
Correct: A. Her distress comes from a true teaching's apparent failure, not from a false belief.
Question 4 of 10
What ethical advice does the spirit give for Sānu once he recovers?
Correct: A. Direct, simple guidance rather than abstract comfort.
Question 5 of 10
What question does Sānu ask his mother once he recovers?
Correct: A. A reasonable question, since people typically weep only for the dead or missing.
Question 6 of 10
How does the mother's answer redefine "death"?
Correct: A. Expanding what death can mean beyond the purely physical.
Question 7 of 10
What images does the discourse's closing section use?
Correct: A. Vivid warnings against deliberately returning to what one was fortunate to escape.
Question 8 of 10
How does this discourse's structure compare to most others in this saṃyutta?
Correct: A. A recognizable domestic crisis, not a philosophical puzzle or a threat.
Question 9 of 10
What does the ancient idiom "seized by a native spirit" describe in this context?
Correct: A. An ancient framework for understanding affliction, presented as the text frames it.
Question 10 of 10
Where does this discourse take place?
Correct: A. A setting shared with several other discourses in this collection.
Answered 0 of 10 · Correct 0