Saṃyutta Nikāya · Discourse 12.60

Causation

Nidānasutta

Setting
Kammāsadamma, a town among the Kurus
Speakers
The Buddha and Venerable Ānanda
Form
A famous opening exchange, followed by this chapter's now-familiar great-tree teaching in its full four-movement form
Length
~5 minutes to read
Northern parallel
A rough counterpart may exist in the Chinese Saṃyukta-āgama (T99), though this reading guide does not assert a specific matching sutra number
Difficulty
★★★★☆ — a famous opening exchange closing this chapter on its most quoted note

Why this discourse

Closing Dukkhavagga, this discourse opens with one of the most quoted exchanges in the early texts. Ānanda remarks to the Buddha that dependent origination, despite being deep and appearing deep, seems to him as plain as can be. The Buddha's reply is immediate and emphatic: not so, Ānanda, not so — this teaching is genuinely deep, and it's precisely because people fail to understand and penetrate it that humanity remains tangled like string, knotted like a ball of thread, matted like rushes and reeds, unable to escape the lower realms and the whole cycle of transmigration. Only after this exchange does the discourse turn to material this chapter has made familiar — the great tree fed by its own roots, felled and scattered when starved — set here not at the usual Sāvatthī but among the Kurus, at Kammāsadamma.

Reading guide

An admission, not a boast

Ānanda's remark isn't framed as arrogance; it reads as an honest, almost puzzled admission that a teaching everyone describes as profound doesn't strike him that way, making the Buddha's correction land as a genuine clarification rather than a public rebuke.

A doubled denial for emphasis

"Mā hevaṁ, ānanda, mā hevaṁ, ānanda" — not so, Ānanda, not so, Ānanda — repeats the same denial twice in immediate succession, a level of emphasis this saṃyutta rarely uses elsewhere.

A three-part image of human entanglement

Tangled like string, knotted like a ball of thread, matted like rushes and reeds — three distinct images of confusion and binding, stacked together rather than relying on any single metaphor to carry the point.

Real stakes named directly, not left abstract

The consequence of failing to understand this teaching isn't described as mere confusion; it's named directly as not escaping the places of loss, the bad places, the underworld, and transmigration — the same lower realms named in SN 12.41's declaration of stream-entry.

A familiar teaching, given weight by an unfamiliar setting

Once the exchange with Ānanda ends, the discourse delivers the same great-tree teaching already given in SN 12.55, in the same full four-movement form, but relocates it to Kammāsadamma among the Kurus rather than the chapter's usual Sāvatthī, a rare change of setting that gives even this familiar material a distinct occasion.

Key terms

acchariyaṁ, bhante, abbhutaṁ, bhante — “it's incredible, sir! It's amazing” — Ānanda's opening exclamation, framing an honest remark rather than a challenge.
gambhīro cāyaṁ paṭiccasamuppādo gambhīrāvabhāso ca, atha ca pana me uttānakuttānako viya khāyati — “this dependent origination is deep and appears deep, yet to me it seems as plain as can be” — the remark that draws the Buddha's famous correction.
mā hevaṁ, ānanda, mā hevaṁ, ānanda — “not so, Ānanda! Not so, Ānanda!” — a doubled denial, an unusual degree of emphasis in this saṃyutta.
tantākulakajātā kulagaṇṭhikajātā muñjapabbajabhūtā — “tangled like string, knotted like a ball of thread, and matted like rushes and reeds” — three stacked images of human entanglement.
apāyaṁ duggatiṁ vinipātaṁ saṁsāraṁ nātivattati — “doesn't escape the places of loss, the bad places, the underworld, transmigration” — the consequence of not understanding this teaching, named directly rather than left abstract.

The text

The discourse in full, closing Dukkhavagga. The chapter's closing verse of discourse titles is not translated in the source and is not quoted here; see the reading guide above for its contents. Translation: Bhikkhu Sujato (CC0, SuttaCentral).

§1At one time the Buddha was staying in the land of the Kurus, near the Kuru town named Kammāsadamma. Then Venerable Ānanda went up to the Buddha, bowed, sat down to one side, and said to the Buddha: “It’s incredible, sir! It’s amazing, in that this dependent origination is deep and appears deep, yet to me it seems as plain as can be.”

§2“Not so, Ānanda! Not so, Ānanda! This dependent origination is deep and appears deep. It is because of not understanding and not penetrating this teaching that this population has become tangled like string, knotted like a ball of thread, and matted like rushes and reeds, and it doesn’t escape the places of loss, the bad places, the underworld, transmigration.

§3There are things that fuel grasping. When you concentrate on the gratification provided by these things, your craving grows. Craving is a requirement for grasping. Grasping is a requirement for continued existence. Continued existence is a requirement for rebirth. Rebirth is a requirement for old age and death, sorrow, lamentation, pain, sadness, and distress to come to be. That is how this entire mass of suffering originates.

§4Suppose there was a great tree. And its roots going downwards and across all draw the sap upwards. Fed and fuelled by that, the great tree would stand for a long time. In the same way, there are things that fuel grasping. When you concentrate on the gratification provided by these things, your craving grows. Craving is a requirement for grasping. Grasping is a requirement for continued existence. … That is how this entire mass of suffering originates.

§5There are things that fuel grasping. When you concentrate on the drawbacks of these things, your craving ceases. When craving ceases, grasping ceases. When grasping ceases, continued existence ceases. … That is how this entire mass of suffering ceases.

§6Suppose there was a great tree. Then a person comes along with a spade and basket. They’d cut the tree down at the roots, dig them up, and pull them out, down to the fibers and stems. Then they’d split the tree apart, cut up the parts, and chop it into splinters. They’d dry the splinters in the wind and sun, burn them with fire, and reduce them to ashes. Then they’d winnow the ashes in a strong wind, or float them away down a swift stream. In this way the great tree is cut off at the root, made like a palm stump, obliterated, and unable to arise in the future. In the same way, there are things that fuel grasping. When you concentrate on the drawbacks of these things, your craving ceases. When craving ceases, grasping ceases. When grasping ceases, continued existence ceases. When continued existence ceases, rebirth ceases. When rebirth ceases, old age and death, sorrow, lamentation, pain, sadness, and distress cease. That is how this entire mass of suffering ceases.”

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Self-check quiz

Ten questions. Click an answer to see immediate feedback. No score is recorded — this is for your own checking.

Question 1 of 10
What does Ānanda remark to the Buddha at the start of this discourse?
Correct: A. An honest admission, not a boast or a challenge.
Question 2 of 10
How does the Buddha respond to Ānanda's remark?
Correct: A. An unusual level of emphasis for this saṃyutta.
Question 3 of 10
What three images does the Buddha use to describe humanity's confusion?
Correct: A. Three distinct images stacked together rather than a single metaphor.
Question 4 of 10
What consequence does the Buddha name for failing to understand this teaching?
Correct: A. The same lower realms named in SN 12.41's declaration of stream-entry.
Question 5 of 10
What teaching does the discourse turn to after the exchange with Ānanda?
Correct: A. Familiar material given weight by the exchange preceding it.
Question 6 of 10
Where is this discourse set, unlike most of this chapter's other discourses?
Correct: A. A rare change of setting from this chapter's usual Sāvatthī.
Question 7 of 10
How is the great tree teaching's structure in this discourse, compared to SN 12.55?
Correct: A. The full, unelided structure rather than the compressed style of this chapter's "(2nd)" discourses.
Question 8 of 10
How does this discourse handle its closing verse of discourse titles?
Correct: A. Following the same convention used for untranslated closing material elsewhere in this saṃyutta.
Question 9 of 10
What chapter does this discourse close?
Correct: A. The sixth chapter of Nidānavagga, named for suffering though Sujato's English title calls it "A Tree."
Question 10 of 10
Who are the two speakers in this discourse?
Correct: A. A direct exchange between teacher and attendant, unusual for this chapter.
Answered 0 of 10 · Correct 0