Saṃyutta Nikāya · Discourse 15.10

A Single Individual

Puggalasutta

Setting
Rājagaha, on the Vulture's Peak Mountain
Speakers
The Buddha alone, closing in verse addressed to the assembled mendicants
Form
The refrain-parable-refrain-exhortation prose template, followed by four verses moving from cosmic scale to the actual path beyond it
Length
~3 minutes to read
Northern parallel
A rough counterpart may exist in the Chinese Saṃyukta-āgama (T99), though this reading guide does not assert a specific matching sutra number
Difficulty
★★★☆☆ — closes the vagga with its most structurally rich discourse, worth reading slowly through to the verses

Why this discourse

Closing Paṭhamavagga, this discourse narrows the saṃyutta's scale from countless beings' accumulated substance down to a single individual: one person's bones, gathered from just one eon of their own personal transmigration, would form a heap the size of Mount Vepulla, a real, specific mountain near Rājagaha the audience could actually see. The prose section closes the way most discourses in this vagga have; but the discourse doesn't end there. Four verses follow, moving from the bone heap's cosmic scale to the four noble truths and the noble eightfold path, closing on the stream-enterer's promise: at most seven more lives before this entire, vast cycle ends for good.

Reading guide

From countless beings to a single person

Every earlier discourse in this vagga measured something belonging to sentient beings collectively; this one narrows the frame to just one individual's own bones, from just one eon — making the scale somehow more, not less, striking.

A real, visible mountain, not an abstraction

Vepullo pabbato, Mount Vepulla, is named specifically and located precisely — higher than the Vulture's Peak itself, in the Magadhan mountain range — grounding the image in a landmark the assembled mendicants, gathered at Rājagaha, could have looked toward directly.

A closing that moves into genuine verse

Unlike every other discourse in this vagga, the prose teaching here is followed by “the Holy One, the Teacher, went on to say,” introducing four full verses that restate and then transcend the bone-heap image entirely.

The four noble truths arriving inside the verse itself

The third verse names suffering, its origin, its transcendence, and the noble eightfold path directly — the first explicit appearance of this core formula anywhere in this saṃyutta, arriving precisely at the point where cosmic scale gives way to the actual way out.

A formula echoing back to Abhisamayasaṃyutta

The closing verse's “after roaming on seven times at most” is the identical stream-enterer's bound given in SN 13.1's fingernail-and-earth comparison — the same measured hope for an end to this vast cycle, now arriving as this vagga's own closing note.

Key terms

aṭṭhikaṅkalo aṭṭhipuñjo aṭṭhirāsi — “a heap of bones, a pile of bones, a mound of bones” — the discourse's central image, one individual's remains from a single eon of transmigration.
vepullo pabbato — “Mount Vepulla” — a real, named mountain near Rājagaha, higher than the Vulture's Peak, giving this discourse's image concrete geographic scale.
cattāri ariyasaccāni — “the four noble truths” — named explicitly in the third verse, this discourse's turn from measuring saṃsāra's vastness to naming the way beyond it.
ariyo aṭṭhaṅgiko maggo — “the noble eightfold path” — named alongside the four noble truths, completing the verse's core doctrinal statement.
sattakkhattuṁparamaṁ — “at most seven times” — the stream-enterer's bound on remaining rebirths, the same formula used in SN 13.1's fingernail-and-earth comparison.

The text

The discourse in full, including its closing verses. Translation: Bhikkhu Sujato (CC0, SuttaCentral).

§1At one time the Buddha was staying near Rājagaha, on the Vulture’s Peak Mountain. There the Buddha addressed the mendicants, “Mendicants!” “Venerable sir,” they replied. The Buddha said this:

§2“Mendicants, this transmigration has no known beginning. … One individual roaming and transmigrating for an eon would amass a heap of bones the size of this Mount Vepulla, if they were gathered together and not lost. Why is that? This transmigration has no known beginning. … This is quite enough for you to become disillusioned, dispassionate, and freed regarding all conditions.”

§3That is what the Buddha said. Then the Holy One, the Teacher, went on to say:

§4“If the bones of a single individual for a single eon were gathered up, they’d make a pile the size of a mountain: so said the great seer.

§5And this is declared to be as huge as Mount Vepulla, higher than the Vulture’s Peak in the Magadhan mountain range.

§6But then, with right understanding, one sees the noble truths—suffering, suffering’s origin, suffering’s transcendence, and the noble eightfold path that leads to the stilling of suffering.

§7After roaming on seven times at most, that individual makes an end of suffering, with the ending of all fetters.”

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Self-check quiz

Ten questions. Click an answer to see immediate feedback. No score is recorded — this is for your own checking.

Question 1 of 10
What image does this discourse's prose section use?
Correct: A. A narrowed frame — one person, one eon — rather than countless beings collectively.
Question 2 of 10
What specific mountain does this discourse name for scale?
Correct: A. A real, precisely located landmark near Rājagaha.
Question 3 of 10
What does this discourse do that no earlier discourse in this vagga does?
Correct: A. A genuine verse close, unique to this discourse in the vagga.
Question 4 of 10
What core doctrinal formula appears explicitly in this discourse's third verse?
Correct: A. The first explicit appearance of this formula anywhere in this saṃyutta.
Question 5 of 10
What formula does this discourse's closing verse share with SN 13.1?
Correct: A. The identical bound given in SN 13.1's fingernail-and-earth comparison, from Abhisamayasaṃyutta.
Question 6 of 10
How does this discourse's overall movement proceed, according to this reading guide?
Correct: A. Bone-heap imagery giving way to the four noble truths and the eightfold path.
Question 7 of 10
What phrase introduces the shift from prose teaching to verse in this discourse?
Correct: A. A standard formula marking a shift into verse elsewhere in the canon as well.
Question 8 of 10
Who is the sole speaker in this discourse?
Correct: A. No interlocutor or visitor appears; the Buddha both teaches and closes in verse.
Question 9 of 10
Where does the Buddha deliver this teaching?
Correct: A. A setting that lets the mendicants see Mount Vepulla directly, grounding the image.
Question 10 of 10
What numbering tag closes this discourse?
Correct: A. The tenth and closing discourse of Paṭhamavagga.
Answered 0 of 10 · Correct 0