Saṃyutta Nikāya · Discourse 17.36

Five Hundred Carts

Pañcarathasatasutta

Setting
Rājagaha, the Bamboo Grove
Speakers
Several mendicants report to the Buddha, who then responds
Form
A reported observation, a direct warning against envy, and a simile
Length
~2.5 minutes to read
Northern parallel
A rough counterpart may exist in the Chinese Saṃyukta-āgama (T99), though this reading guide does not assert a specific matching sutra number
Difficulty
★★★★☆ — the most historically specific discourse in the Devadatta sequence

Why this discourse

Several mendicants report to the Buddha something they've evidently observed with some astonishment: Prince Ajātasattu is going with five hundred carts at daybreak and dusk to attend on Devadatta, presenting him with five hundred servings of food twice daily. Rather than confirm any admiration this lavish patronage might invite, the Buddha responds directly: don't envy Devadatta's possessions, honor, and popularity. As long as this continues, he says, Devadatta can expect only decline, not growth, in skillful qualities — like lancing a boil on a wild dog's nose, which only makes the dog wilder, not calmer.

Reading guide

A report that implies envy without stating it

The mendicants' account of Ajātasattu's patronage is given without explicit comment, but the Buddha's immediate response — don't envy this — makes clear that the report itself was liable to provoke exactly that reaction in anyone who heard it.

A specific, named, historically remembered patron

Ajātasattu, the crown prince who would later become king and who the wider tradition remembers as complicit in Devadatta's later plots, grounds this discourse in concrete, rememberable historical detail rather than any generic wealthy donor.

Quantified extravagance as its own kind of evidence

Five hundred carts and five hundred servings of food, specified exactly and repeated twice daily, presents a scale of patronage precise enough that its excess doesn't need further comment to register.

Decline named as the actual outcome of apparent success

Rather than treat this patronage as evidence of Devadatta's flourishing, the Buddha inverts the expected reading entirely: hāniyeva … pāṭikaṅkhā, “decline is to be expected,” not growth, for as long as the patronage continues.

A simile of aggravation, not mere continuation

The lanced boil doesn't simply fail to help the wild dog; it actively makes the dog wilder, an image specifying that this kind of excessive attention doesn't just fail to counteract Devadatta's condition but actively worsens it.

Key terms

ajātasattukumāro — “Prince Ajātasattu” — the crown prince named here, later remembered by the tradition as complicit in Devadatta's plots against the Buddha.
pañcahi rathasatehi — “with five hundred carts” — the exact, quantified scale of patronage reported, twice daily.
mā … pihayittha — “don't envy” — the Buddha's direct opening instruction, responding to what the mendicants' report implicitly invited.
hāniyeva … pāṭikaṅkhā — “decline is to be expected” — the discourse's inversion of the expected reading of Devadatta's apparent good fortune.
caṇḍassa kukkurassa nāsāya pittaṁ — “a boil on a wild dog's nose” — the simile's image, where lancing the boil worsens rather than relieves the affliction.

The text

The discourse in full. Translation: Bhikkhu Sujato (CC0, SuttaCentral).

§1Near Rājagaha, in the Bamboo Grove, the squirrels’ feeding ground. Now at that time Prince Ajātasattu was going with five hundred carts at daybreak and dusk to attend on Devadatta, presenting him with an offering of five hundred servings of food. Then several mendicants went up to the Buddha, bowed, sat down to one side, and said to him, “Sir, Prince Ajātasattu is going with five hundred carts at daybreak and dusk to attend on Devadatta, presenting him with an offering of five hundred servings of food.” “Mendicants, don’t envy Devadatta’s possessions, honor, and popularity. As long as Prince Ajātasattu goes with five hundred carts at daybreak and dusk to attend on Devadatta, presenting him with an offering of five hundred servings of food, Devadatta can expect decline, not growth, in skillful qualities.

§2If they were to lance a boil on a wild dog’s nose, it would get even wilder. In the same way, as long as Prince Ajātasattu goes with five hundred carts at daybreak and dusk to attend on Devadatta, presenting him with an offering of five hundred servings of food, Devadatta can expect decline, not growth, in skillful qualities. So grim are possessions, honor, and popularity. …”

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Self-check quiz

Ten questions. Click an answer to see immediate feedback. No score is recorded — this is for your own checking.

Question 1 of 10
What do several mendicants report to the Buddha in this discourse?
Correct: A. A specific, quantified account of lavish daily patronage.
Question 2 of 10
How does the Buddha respond to this report?
Correct: A. A direct response to what the report implicitly invited — envy.
Question 3 of 10
Who is Ajātasattu, according to the wider tradition this reading guide references?
Correct: A. A specific, historically remembered figure, not a generic donor.
Question 4 of 10
What does the Buddha say Devadatta can expect as long as this patronage continues?
Correct: A. An inversion of the expected reading of apparent good fortune.
Question 5 of 10
What simile does the Buddha use to illustrate this outcome?
Correct: A. An image of active aggravation, not mere failure to help.
Question 6 of 10
What does the lanced-boil simile specify about excessive patronage's effect?
Correct: A. Active aggravation, not simple ineffectiveness.
Question 7 of 10
How is the exact scale of Ajātasattu's patronage described?
Correct: A. A precisely quantified scale of excess, needing no further comment to register.
Question 8 of 10
Where is this discourse set?
Correct: A. Continuing the shift away from Sāvatthī begun in SN 17.35.
Question 9 of 10
Who initiates the exchange in this discourse?
Correct: A. A reported observation prompting the Buddha's response, not a teaching begun unprompted.
Question 10 of 10
What numbering tag closes this discourse?
Correct: A. The sixth discourse of Catutthavagga.
Answered 0 of 10 · Correct 0