Saṃyutta Nikāya · Discourse 18.1

The Eye, Etc.

Cakkhusutta

Setting
Sāvatthī, Jeta's Grove
Speakers
Venerable Rāhula and the Buddha, his father
Form
A requested brief teaching, given as a structured question-and-answer analysis
Length
~2 minutes to read
Northern parallel
A rough counterpart may exist in the Chinese Saṃyukta-āgama (T99), though this reading guide does not assert a specific matching sutra number
Difficulty
★★☆☆☆ — opens a saṃyutta built entirely around one recurring analytical template

Why this discourse

This discourse opens Rāhulasaṃyutta, a collection of teachings the Buddha gives directly to his own son, Venerable Rāhula. Rāhula's request sets the pattern for the whole saṃyutta: teach me Dhamma in brief, so that I can live alone, withdrawn, diligent, keen, and resolute. The Buddha's answer establishes the template every discourse in this collection will reuse — is the eye permanent or impermanent? If impermanent, is it suffering or happiness? If impermanent and suffering, is it fit to be regarded as mine, as me, as my self? — run through all six sense faculties, then extended in later discourses to sense objects, consciousness, contact, feeling, and beyond.

Reading guide

A father teaching his own son, named as such

Unlike most discourses in the wider canon, this saṃyutta's frame is explicitly familial — Rāhula is remembered in the tradition as the Buddha's son from before his renunciation, and the discourse doesn't obscure or set aside that relationship even as it delivers formal doctrinal instruction.

A request that specifies its own intended use

Rāhula doesn't merely ask for teaching in general; he specifies exactly what he intends to do with it — live alone, withdrawn, diligent, keen, and resolute — framing the request as preparation for solitary practice rather than idle curiosity.

The three-question template introduced here in full

Impermanent, therefore suffering, therefore not fit to be regarded as self: this three-step interrogation, applied here to the six sense faculties, becomes the fixed analytical instrument every subsequent discourse in this saṃyutta reuses on a different subject.

Six faculties treated as a single set, not isolated cases

Eye, ear, nose, tongue, body, and mind are run through the identical three questions in strict sequence, establishing that this analysis is meant to apply comprehensively across every channel of experience, not selectively to whichever faculty seems most relevant.

An explicit note marking this as a template for what follows

The source closes with its own editorial instruction: the ten discourses of this series should be told in full the same way, confirming that SN 18.2 through 18.10 are meant to be understood as this discourse's structure reapplied, not as independently composed teachings.

Key terms

saṅkhittena dhammaṁ desetu — “please teach me Dhamma in brief” — Rāhula's opening request, specifying both the form (brevity) and his intended use for the teaching.
cakkhu … sotaṁ … ghānaṁ … jivhā … kāyo … mano — “the eye … the ear … the nose … the tongue … the body … the mind” — the six internal sense faculties this discourse runs through in sequence.
aniccaṁ … dukkhaṁ … anattā — “impermanent … suffering … not-self” — the three-step analytical chain this discourse establishes as this saṃyutta's recurring template.
nibbindati … virajjati … vimuccati — “grows disillusioned … desire fades away … is freed” — the discourse's closing sequence from insight to liberation, reused throughout this saṃyutta.
(etena peyyālena dasa suttantā kātabbā) — “the ten discourses of this series should be told in full the same way” — the source's own editorial note marking this discourse as the template for SN 18.2 through 18.10.

The text

The discourse in full. The source's closing editorial note — instructing that the remaining nine discourses of this series follow the same pattern — is described above rather than quoted verbatim. Translation: Bhikkhu Sujato (CC0, SuttaCentral).

§1So I have heard. At one time the Buddha was staying near Sāvatthī in Jeta’s Grove, Anāthapiṇḍika’s monastery. Then Venerable Rāhula went up to the Buddha, bowed, sat down to one side, and said to him, “Sir, may the Buddha please teach me Dhamma in brief. When I’ve heard it, I’ll live alone, withdrawn, diligent, keen, and resolute.”

§2“What do you think, Rāhula? Is the eye permanent or impermanent?” “Impermanent, sir.” “But if it’s impermanent, is it suffering or happiness?” “Suffering, sir.” “But if it’s impermanent, suffering, and perishable, is it fit to be regarded thus: ‘This is mine, I am this, this is my self’?” “No, sir.”

§3“Is the ear permanent or impermanent?” “Impermanent, sir.” … “Is the nose permanent or impermanent?” “Impermanent, sir.” … “Is the tongue permanent or impermanent?” “Impermanent, sir.” … “Is the body permanent or impermanent?” “Impermanent, sir.” … “Is the mind permanent or impermanent?” “Impermanent, sir.” “But if it’s impermanent, is it suffering or happiness?” “Suffering, sir.” “But if it’s impermanent, suffering, and perishable, is it fit to be regarded thus: ‘This is mine, I am this, this is my self’?” “No, sir.”

§4“Seeing this, a learned noble disciple grows disillusioned with the eye, the ear, the nose, the tongue, the body, and the mind. Being disillusioned, desire fades away. When desire fades away they’re freed. When they’re freed, they know they’re freed. They understand: ‘Rebirth is ended, the spiritual journey has been completed, what had to be done has been done, there is nothing further for this place.’”

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Self-check quiz

Ten questions. Click an answer to see immediate feedback. No score is recorded — this is for your own checking.

Question 1 of 10
What does Rāhula ask the Buddha for at the start of this discourse?
Correct: A. A request that specifies both its form and its intended practical use.
Question 2 of 10
Who is Rāhula, in relation to the Buddha?
Correct: A. An explicitly familial frame this saṃyutta doesn't set aside even in formal doctrinal instruction.
Question 3 of 10
What three-question template does the Buddha apply to the eye and the other faculties?
Correct: A. The fixed analytical template this entire saṃyutta reuses on different subjects.
Question 4 of 10
Which six faculties does this discourse run through?
Correct: A. The six internal sense faculties, treated comprehensively rather than selectively.
Question 5 of 10
What does the discourse's closing sequence describe?
Correct: A. Nibbindati, virajjati, vimuccati — reused throughout this saṃyutta's discourses.
Question 6 of 10
What does the source's closing editorial note instruct?
Correct: A. Confirming SN 18.2-10 are meant as this discourse's structure reapplied to new subjects.
Question 7 of 10
What does Rāhula intend to do once he has heard this teaching?
Correct: A. The specific practical purpose Rāhula states for his request.
Question 8 of 10
Where is this discourse set?
Correct: A. A setting given in full detail, unlike most other discourses in this saṃyutta's later, terser entries.
Question 9 of 10
Who initiates the exchange in this discourse?
Correct: A. A pattern this saṃyutta's Dutiyavagga later varies, having the Buddha initiate instead.
Question 10 of 10
What numbering tag closes this discourse?
Correct: A. The first discourse of Paṭhamavagga, and of the entire saṃyutta.
Answered 0 of 10 · Correct 0