Saṃyutta Nikāya · Discourse 2.11

With Candimasa

Candimasasutta

Setting
Near Sāvatthī, in Jeta’s Grove, late at night
Speakers
The Buddha and the godling Candimasa
Form
A four-line simile-verse, matched by the Buddha's own four-line simile-verse in reply
Length
~1 minute to read
Northern parallel
A rough counterpart may exist in the Chinese Saṃyukta-āgama (T99), though this reading guide does not assert a specific matching sutra number
Difficulty
★★★☆☆ — the two similes are simple individually, but comparing their structure rewards a careful read

Why this discourse

This discourse opens the Anāthapiṇḍikavagga, this book's second sub-chapter, with a matched pair of similes: Candimasa compares those who enter absorption to deer reaching a safe place in a mosquito-free marsh, and the Buddha answers with fish reaching the far shore once a net is cut — both images of danger left behind, but the Buddha's reply shifts the qualifying terms from stillness to effort.

Reading guide

A new sub-chapter, a new named godling

The source text's own heading marks this as the opening discourse of ‘2. With Anāthapiṇḍika’, this book's second sub-chapter, taking its name from its closing discourse, SN 2.20, rather than its first.

Deer in a mosquito-free marsh

Candimasa's verse pictures deer reaching safety in a marsh free of mosquitoes, applied to those who have entered absorption — ‘unified, alert, and mindful’ — an image of stillness rewarded.

Fish when the net is cut

The Buddha's answering verse keeps Candimasa's structure exactly — four lines, the same opening clause ‘having entered the absorptions’ — but swaps the qualifying pair: not stillness and mindfulness, but diligence and strife discarded (araṇa-vippahīna).

Strife discarded: a term this book has used before

The word for ‘discarding strife’ shares its root with araṇa, the term this book's predecessor closed on at SN 1.81, ‘Araṇasutta’, on being free of strife — a quiet echo across the boundary between this collection's first two books.

Two similes, one underlying claim

Read together, the deer's safety and the fish's freed passage make the same point from different angles: what protects is not the absence of danger but a specific condition met — absorption paired, in the Buddha's version, with diligence rather than mere stillness.

Key terms

migā — “deer” — the image opening Candimasa's verse, reaching safety in a marsh free of mosquitoes.
jhāna — “absorption” — named in both verses' third line as the shared condition for reaching safety.
macchā — “fish” — the image opening the Buddha's answering verse, reaching the far shore once a net is cut.
appamatta — “diligent” — the first of two qualifying terms the Buddha substitutes for Candimasa's ‘unified, alert, and mindful’.
araṇa-vippahīna — “with strife discarded” — the Buddha's second substituted term, sharing its root with SN 1.81's closing araṇa.

The text

The discourse in full: Candimasa's simile-verse and the Buddha's matching reply. Translation: Bhikkhu Sujato (CC0, SuttaCentral).

§1At Sāvatthī. Then, late at night, the glorious godling Candimasa, lighting up the entire Jeta’s Grove, went up to the Buddha, bowed, stood to one side, and spoke this verse in the Buddha’s presence:

§2“Like deer in a mosquito-free marsh, they will reach a safe place having entered the absorptions, unified, alert, and mindful.”

§3“Like fish when the net is cut, they will reach the far shore having entered the absorptions, diligent, with strife discarded.”

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Self-check quiz

Ten questions. Click an answer to see immediate feedback. No score is recorded — this is for your own checking.

Question 1 of 10
What sub-chapter does this discourse open?
Correct: A. Named for its closing discourse, SN 2.20, rather than its own opening one.
Question 2 of 10
What image does Candimasa's verse use?
Correct: A. The verse's opening simile, applied to those who have entered absorption.
Question 3 of 10
What image does the Buddha's answering verse use?
Correct: A. Matching Candimasa's four-line structure with a new image.
Question 4 of 10
What structural feature do the two verses share exactly?
Correct: A. The Buddha's reply keeps Candimasa's third line unchanged while substituting the qualifying pair.
Question 5 of 10
What qualifying terms does Candimasa's verse use for those who enter absorption?
Correct: A. Descriptive terms in Candimasa's original verse, later swapped by the Buddha.
Question 6 of 10
What does the Buddha substitute for those qualifying terms?
Correct: A. A shift from stillness-focused terms to effort-focused ones.
Question 7 of 10
What earlier discourse does “strife discarded” echo by shared root?
Correct: A. A quiet echo across the boundary between this collection's first two books.
Question 8 of 10
Where is this discourse set?
Correct: A. The familiar late-night Jeta's Grove setting, continuing from the previous vagga.
Question 9 of 10
What underlying claim do the two similes share, read together?
Correct: A. Both images pair absorption with a further quality — mindfulness or diligence — as what secures safety.
Question 10 of 10
Why is this vagga named for its twentieth discourse rather than its first?
Correct: A. This book's first vagga was named for its opening discourse; this one is named for its closing one.
Answered 0 of 10 · Correct 0