Saṃyutta Nikāya · Discourse 20.10

A Cat

Biḷārasutta

Setting
Sāvatthī
Speakers
Several mendicants and the Buddha, responding to a mendicant who wouldn't accept correction
Form
A second reported disciplinary case, resolved by a vivid parable of a fatal miscalculation
Length
~2 minutes to read
Northern parallel
A rough counterpart may exist in the Chinese Saṃyukta-āgama (T99), though this reading guide does not assert a specific matching sutra number
Difficulty
★★★☆☆ — a strikingly visceral image applied to a subtler internal failure

Why this discourse

This discourse reports a mendicant who socialized with families too often and, unlike SN 20.9's junior mendicant, didn't stop even after correction. The Buddha responds with a startling image: a cat, hunting a mouse by a drain, catches and swallows it whole without chewing — but the mouse, still alive inside, eats through the cat's intestines and mesentery, killing it. In the same way, a mendicant who enters a village unguarded in body, speech, and mind, sees a scantily clad woman, and lets lust take hold, meets a consequence the discourse calls death or deadly pain within the discipline of the Noble One.

Reading guide

A second disciplinary case, escalating from the first

Where SN 20.9's junior mendicant justified himself by appeal to precedent, this discourse's mendicant simply refuses to stop even after direct correction, marking a more serious failure of responsiveness that the following parable's more visceral image seems to match.

Danger consumed and internalized, not merely encountered

The cat's fatal mistake isn't being attacked from outside; it's swallowing danger whole and letting it operate from within, unseen until it's already fatal — a structurally different kind of threat than the external attacks (birds, bandits, non-humans) described in earlier discourses of this saṃyutta.

A metaphorical death given a precise technical meaning

The discourse doesn't leave “death” as a loose figure of speech; it specifies exactly what counts as death in the Noble One's discipline (disavowing the training and returning to lay life) and what counts as deadly pain (committing a corrupt but rehabilitable offense), giving the parable's stark image two distinct, carefully defined outcomes.

Vulnerability located in specific unguarded faculties

The mendicant's failure is described precisely: entering the village without guarding body, speech, or mind, without establishing mindfulness, and without restraining the sense faculties — a checklist of specific safeguards whose absence, not any single dramatic lapse, creates the vulnerability.

Completing a deliberate pair with SN 20.9

Read together, these two discourses address the same underlying problem — unguarded interaction with the lay community — from two angles: attachment to material gain in SN 20.9, and susceptibility to lust in this discourse, both resulting in comparable harm despite their different specific triggers.

Key terms

mudumūsiṁ maggayamāno — “hunting a little mouse” — the cat's initial, seemingly successful action, before its fatal miscalculation.
sahasā saṅkhāditvā ajjhohari — “hastily swallowed it without chewing” — the specific error, consuming the danger whole rather than dealing with it carefully.
antampi khādi, antaguṇampi khādi — “ate its intestines … and mesentery” — the mouse's fatal action from within the cat, unseen until too late.
arakkhiteneva kāyena arakkhitāya vācāya arakkhitena cittena — “without guarding body, speech, and mind” — the specific, itemized vulnerability this discourse describes as the mendicant's actual failure.
sikkhaṁ paccakkhāya hīnāyāvattati — “disavows the training and returns to a lesser life” — the discourse's precise technical meaning for “death” within the Noble One's discipline.

The text

The discourse in full. Translation: Bhikkhu Sujato (CC0, SuttaCentral).

§1At Sāvatthī. Now at that time a certain mendicant socialized with families too often. The mendicants said to him, “Venerable, don’t socialize with families too often.” But that mendicant, when spoken to by the mendicants, did not stop. And then several mendicants went up to the Buddha, bowed, sat down to one side, and told him what had happened. The Buddha said:

§2“Once upon a time, mendicants, a cat was standing by an alley or a drain or a dustbin hunting a little mouse, thinking, ‘When that little mouse comes out to feed, I’ll catch it right there and eat it!’ And then that little mouse came out to feed. The cat caught it and hastily swallowed it without chewing. But that little mouse ate its intestines and mesentery, resulting in death and deadly pain.

§3In the same way, take a certain monk who robes up in the morning and, taking his bowl and robe, enters the village or town for alms without guarding body, speech, and mind, without establishing mindfulness, and without restraining the sense faculties. There he sees a lady scantily clad, with revealing clothes. Lust infects his mind, resulting in death or deadly pain. For it is death in the training of the Noble One to disavow the training and return to a lesser life. And it is deadly pain to commit one of the corrupt offenses for which rehabilitation is possible. So you should train like this: ‘We will enter the village or town for alms guarding body, speech, and mind, establishing mindfulness, and restraining the sense faculties.’ That’s how you should train.”

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Self-check quiz

Ten questions. Click an answer to see immediate feedback. No score is recorded — this is for your own checking.

Question 1 of 10
How does this discourse's mendicant differ from SN 20.9's junior mendicant?
Correct: A. A more serious failure of responsiveness than SN 20.9's appeal to precedent.
Question 2 of 10
What fatal mistake does the cat in this discourse's parable make?
Correct: A. Consuming danger whole rather than dealing with it carefully, a threat operating unseen from inside.
Question 3 of 10
How does this threat differ structurally from the external attacks described earlier in this saṃyutta?
Correct: A. A structurally different kind of threat than the external dangers described in earlier discourses.
Question 4 of 10
What two distinct outcomes does the discourse specify for the parable's application?
Correct: A. Two distinct, carefully defined technical meanings rather than a loose figure of speech.
Question 5 of 10
What specific vulnerability does the discourse describe in the mendicant's conduct?
Correct: A. A checklist of specific safeguards whose absence creates the vulnerability, not one dramatic lapse.
Question 6 of 10
How do this discourse and SN 20.9 relate to each other?
Correct: A. Attachment to material gain in SN 20.9, susceptibility to lust in this discourse, both resulting in comparable harm.
Question 7 of 10
What specifically triggers the mendicant's downfall in this discourse's application?
Correct: A. A single unguarded moment, matching the cat's single fatal swallow.
Question 8 of 10
Where is this discourse set?
Correct: A. The setting shared throughout most of this saṃyutta.
Question 9 of 10
Who reports this mendicant's situation to the Buddha?
Correct: A. A concrete disciplinary situation, matching the pattern established in SN 20.9.
Question 10 of 10
What numbering tag closes this discourse?
Correct: A. The tenth discourse of this saṃyutta.
Answered 0 of 10 · Correct 0