Saṃyutta Nikāya · Discourse 24.7

Cause

Hetusutta — Sotāpattivagga

Setting
Sāvatthī
Speakers
The Buddha addressing the mendicants
Form
A fatalist view denying causation entirely, diagnosed by the standard catechism
Length
~2 minutes to read
Northern parallel
A rough counterpart may exist in the Chinese Saṃyukta-āgama (T99), though this reading guide does not assert a specific matching sutra number
Difficulty
★★☆☆☆ — the view's fatalism is philosophically distinct from its two neighbors, worth reading slowly

Why this discourse

The third of four consecutive discourses examining doctrine closely matching a named teacher in the Sāmaññaphala Sutta (DN 2) — here, a fatalist view denying that beings' corruption or purification has any cause or reason whatsoever, closely tracking the doctrine DN 2 attributes to Makkhali Gosāla, traditionally labeled niyativāda ("doctrine of fixed destiny"). Distinct from SN 24.5's denial of moral consequence and SN 24.6's denial of moral weight, this view denies causation itself.

Reading guide

Neither corruption nor purity has a cause

"There is no cause or reason for the corruption of sentient beings. Sentient beings are corrupted without cause or reason. There's no cause or reason for the purification of sentient beings. Sentient beings are purified without cause or reason" — a fourfold structure covering both corruption and purification, each stated first negatively then positively.

No power, no effort, only destiny

"There is no power, no energy, no human strength or vigor. All sentient beings, all living creatures, all beings, all souls lack control, power, and energy. Molded by destiny, circumstance, and nature, they experience pleasure and pain in the six classes of rebirth" — a doctrine of total determinism, denying not just moral consequence but personal agency of any kind.

A view closely tracking Makkhali Gosāla's doctrine

The Sāmaññaphala Sutta attributes near-identical fatalist language, including this same list of "beings, living creatures, souls" molded by destiny (niyati), circumstance (saṅgati), and nature (bhāva), to Makkhali Gosāla, leader of the Ājīvaka movement and another of the six teachers King Ajātasattu consults in that discourse — a doctrine traditionally labeled niyativāda.

Distinct from its two neighbors, same diagnostic

Where SN 24.5 denied moral outcomes matter and SN 24.6 denied action carries any weight, this view denies the causal mechanism underlying both: nothing, moral or otherwise, has a cause at all. The diagnostic response is unchanged — the aggregates and the sixth ground shown impermanent, doubt given up, stream-entry declared.

Key terms

ahetu apaccayā — "without cause or reason" — this view's core fatalist claim, applied to both corruption and purification
niyati saṅgati bhāva — destiny, circumstance, and nature — the three forces the view claims mold every being's experience
niyativāda — the doctrine of fixed destiny — the traditional label for this view's position, distinct from SN 24.5 and 24.6
Makkhali Gosāla — leader of the Ājīvaka movement, whose doctrine as reported in the Sāmaññaphala Sutta (DN 2) closely tracks this discourse's view
upādāya... abhinivissa — grasping... and insisting on — this vagga's standing two-condition formula

The text

The complete discourse: the fatalist manifesto in full, then the aggregate catechism and stream-enterer conclusion. Translation: Bhikkhu Sujato (CC0, SuttaCentral).

§1At Sāvatthī. “Mendicants, when what exists, because of grasping what and insisting on what, does the view arise: ‘There is no cause or reason for the corruption of sentient beings. Sentient beings are corrupted without cause or reason. There’s no cause or reason for the purification of sentient beings. Sentient beings are purified without cause or reason. There is no power, no energy, no human strength or vigor. All sentient beings, all living creatures, all beings, all souls lack control, power, and energy. Molded by destiny, circumstance, and nature, they experience pleasure and pain in the six classes of rebirth’?” “Our teachings are rooted in the Buddha. …”

§2“When form exists, because of grasping form and insisting on form, the view arises: ‘There is no cause or reason … they experience pleasure and pain in the six classes of rebirth.’ When feeling … perception … choices … consciousness exists, because of grasping consciousness and insisting on consciousness, the view arises: ‘There is no cause or reason … they experience pleasure and pain in the six classes of rebirth.’ What do you think, mendicants? Is form permanent or impermanent?” “Impermanent, sir.” … “Is feeling … perception … choices … consciousness permanent or impermanent?” “Impermanent, sir.” … “That which is seen, heard, thought, known, attained, sought, and explored by the mind: is that permanent or impermanent?” “Impermanent, sir.” … “But by not grasping what’s impermanent, suffering, and perishable, would such a view arise?” “No, sir.”

§3“When a noble disciple has given up doubt regarding these six grounds, and has given up doubt in suffering, its origin, its cessation, and the practice that leads to its cessation, they’re called a noble disciple who is a stream-enterer, not liable to be reborn in the underworld, assured, destined for awakening.”

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Self-check quiz

Ten questions. Click an answer to see immediate feedback. No score is recorded — this is for your own checking.

Question 1 of 10
What does this discourse's view deny?
Correct: A. A fourfold structure covering both corruption and purification.
Question 2 of 10
What three forces does the view claim mold every being's experience?
Correct: A. Niyati, saṅgati, and bhāva — total determinism, denying personal agency.
Question 3 of 10
What technical term names this view's position?
Correct: A. Distinct from SN 24.5's annihilationism and SN 24.6's amoralism.
Question 4 of 10
Which teacher named in the Sāmaññaphala Sutta is associated with closely similar fatalist doctrine?
Correct: A. Leader of the Ājīvaka movement, another of the six teachers King Ajātasattu consults.
Question 5 of 10
How does this view differ philosophically from SN 24.5 and SN 24.6?
Correct: A. Nothing, moral or otherwise, is claimed to have a cause at all.
Question 6 of 10
What does the view claim beings lack entirely?
Correct: A. "No power, no energy, no human strength or vigor."
Question 7 of 10
Where is this discourse set?
Correct: A. Matching the setting of most of this book's discourses.
Question 8 of 10
What position in this vagga's four-discourse run of named-teacher doctrines does this discourse occupy?
Correct: A. SN 24.5 through SN 24.8 form this consecutive run.
Question 9 of 10
What remains unchanged about the diagnostic response to this view?
Correct: A. The same machinery applied regardless of the view's specific philosophical content.
Question 10 of 10
In how many classes of rebirth does the view claim beings experience pleasure and pain?
Correct: A. Part of the view's fully deterministic cosmology.
Answered 0 of 10 · Correct 0