Saṃyutta Nikāya · Discourse 30.2

They Carry Off

Harantisutta — Supaṇṇavagga

Setting
Sāvatthī
Speakers
The Buddha addressing the mendicants
Form
The same fourfold taxonomy as SN 30.1, followed by a four-step cascading predator-prey matrix
Length
~2 minutes to read
Northern parallel
A rough counterpart may exist in the Chinese Saṃyukta-āgama (T99), though this reading guide does not assert a specific matching sutra number
Difficulty
★★☆☆☆ — the matrix rewards close, slow reading

Why this discourse

This discourse is Supaṇṇasaṃyutta's own genuinely new content, with no direct counterpart at SN 29.2: rather than simply ranking the four phoenix birth-modes against one another, it specifies exactly which dragon birth-modes each phoenix birth-mode is capable of carrying off — egg-born phoenixes can only carry off egg-born dragons; womb-born phoenixes can carry off egg- and womb-born dragons; moisture-born phoenixes can carry off egg-, womb-, and moisture-born dragons; and spontaneously-born phoenixes can carry off dragons of all four modes. This cascading capability matrix makes the predator-prey relationship between the two saṃyuttas' own subjects explicit for the first and only time in either collection.

Reading guide

A four-step cascading capability, not a simple ranking

Rather than SN 29.2's three comparative statements ranking phoenix birth-modes against each other, this discourse gives four separate statements, one per phoenix birth-mode, each specifying a widening set of dragon birth-modes that phoenix mode can prey upon.

The identical rank order as SN 29.2, read from a new angle

The widening capability — egg-born phoenixes weakest, spontaneously-born phoenixes able to carry off any dragon — tracks the exact same hierarchy SN 29.2 established for dragons themselves, now expressed as predatory capability rather than abstract rank.

A capability ceiling, not a guaranteed outcome

The discourse specifies only which dragon birth-modes each phoenix birth-mode is capable of carrying off, not that it always does so — a ceiling on capability, phrased identically for all four steps: "can carry off ... but not ..."

The one discourse connecting the two saṃyuttas directly

Nowhere else in either Nāgasaṃyutta or Supaṇṇasaṃyutta do the two species interact this explicitly — every other discourse in both collections concerns each species' own rebirth causes in isolation, making this the sole point of direct contact between them.

Key terms

haranti — "they carry off" — this discourse's own title-word, naming the predatory act at issue
supaṇṇa — phoenix — the predator species in this discourse's own capability matrix
nāga — dragon — the prey species, this discourse's own explicit link back to Nāgasaṃyutta
opapātika — spontaneously born — the phoenix birth-mode capable of carrying off dragons of all four modes
aṇḍaja — egg-born — the phoenix birth-mode capable of carrying off only egg-born dragons, the narrowest capability in this matrix

The text

The discourse in full, including its four-step cascading capability matrix. Translation: Bhikkhu Sujato (CC0, SuttaCentral).

§1At Sāvatthī. “Mendicants, phoenixes reproduce in these four ways. What four? Phoenixes are born from eggs, from a womb, from moisture, or spontaneously. These are the four ways that phoenixes reproduce. Of these, phoenixes born from an egg can only carry off dragons born from an egg, not those born from a womb, from moisture, or spontaneously. Phoenixes born from a womb can carry off dragons born from an egg or from a womb, but not those born from moisture or spontaneously. Phoenixes born from moisture can carry off dragons born from an egg, from a womb, or from moisture, but not those born spontaneously. Phoenixes born spontaneously can carry off dragons born from an egg, from a womb, from moisture, or spontaneously. These are the four ways that phoenixes reproduce.”

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Self-check quiz

6 questions. Click an answer to see immediate feedback. No score is recorded — this is for your own checking.

Question 1 of 6
What does this discourse's capability matrix specify?
Correct: A. A four-step cascading predator-prey capability, not a simple abstract ranking.
Question 2 of 6
Which dragon birth-modes can egg-born phoenixes carry off?
Correct: A. The narrowest capability in this matrix, belonging to the phoenix mode ranked lowest at SN 29.2's equivalent hierarchy.
Question 3 of 6
Which phoenix birth-mode can carry off dragons of all four modes?
Correct: A. The widest capability, matching the same birth-mode ranked highest for dragons at SN 29.2.
Question 4 of 6
How does this discourse's structure compare to SN 29.2's own ranking of dragon birth-modes?
Correct: A. The same widening order, read from a new angle.
Question 5 of 6
What kind of claim does this discourse make about phoenix predation?
Correct: A. Phrased identically across all four steps: "can carry off ... but not ..."
Question 6 of 6
How does this discourse relate to Nāgasaṃyutta, the previous saṃyutta?
Correct: A. Elsewhere, both saṃyuttas treat each species' rebirth causes entirely in isolation.
Answered 0 of 6 · Correct 0