Saṃyutta Nikāya · Discourse 35.87

With Channa

Channasutta — Channavagga

Setting
Rājagaha; the Buddha at the Bamboo Grove, the three mendicants of this discourse on Vulture's Peak Mountain nearby
Speakers
Venerables Sāriputta, Mahācunda, and Channa
Form
A sick-visit narrative in three movements: a plea and a catechism at Channa's bedside, his death after the visitors leave, and the Buddha's own verdict once Sāriputta reports it
Length
~6 minutes to read — the longest discourse in this vagga
Northern parallel
A rough counterpart may exist in the Chinese Saṃyukta-āgama (T99), though this reading guide does not assert a specific matching sutra number
Difficulty
★★★★★ — terminal illness and a mendicant's own decision to end his life, handled directly by the text and by this guide

Why this discourse

This discourse gives Channavagga its name, and it is the one place in this vagga where the title's own promise of a named individual is fully delivered. Venerable Channa is gravely ill, in agonizing pain, and tells the visiting Sāriputta and Mahācunda plainly: “I will commit suicide. I don't wish to live.” Sāriputta pleads with him not to, offering to find food, medicine, or a carer — but Channa already has all three. What he declares instead is that he has served the Teacher with love, not without love, and that his own death will be blameless. A catechism follows, confirming Channa's own freedom from any view of self in the six sense fields — seen, he says, “after seeing cessation.” Mahācunda closes with a teaching chain quoted from the Buddha (matching Ud 8.4 elsewhere in the canon), and the two visitors leave. Not long after, Channa takes his own life. When Sāriputta reports this and asks where Channa has been reborn, the Buddha refuses the terms of the question directly: this is not about whether Channa had friendly families nearby (a wordplay Sāriputta's own answer walks into, since the word for such families — upavajjakulāni — sounds like the word for “blameworthy”), but about whether someone lays down one body and takes up another. Channa did no such thing. Sujato's own note on this discourse's close is worth stating plainly, in the terms it uses itself: suicide is generally condemned in Buddhism as the taking of a human life, but this discourse and similar ones (SN 4.23, SN 22.87) are widely read as allowing it for an arahant in the final throes of a terminal illness, since such a person is, by definition, incapable of a blameworthy act. The discourse itself does not frame this as license for anyone in pain to end their own life — its own logic turns specifically on Channa's confirmed freedom from clinging, verified by his own answers under questioning before he acts, not on the severity of his suffering alone.

Reading guide

Two visitors, a warning already spoken

Sāriputta comes out of retreat, collects Mahācunda, and the two go to ask after Channa's illness. Channa's own report is unsparing: winds piercing his head like a drill, a strap tightening around his skull, a blade slicing his belly, coals burning his body. “I will commit suicide. I don't wish to live,” he tells them directly.

“Please don't” — and a declaration made in advance

Sāriputta pleads with Channa to keep going, offering food, medicine, a carer — all of which Channa already has. What he offers instead is a different kind of assurance: he has served the Teacher with love, and asks Sāriputta to remember, before anything happens, that “the mendicant Channa will commit suicide blamelessly.”

A catechism, and an answer from having seen cessation

Sāriputta asks whether Channa regards the eye, the mind, and each faculty between as “mine, I, my self.” Channa denies it for all six, and when asked what he has seen to ground that denial, answers: “after seeing cessation, after directly knowing cessation in these things.”

Mahācunda's parting teaching

Mahācunda quotes a chain the Buddha himself taught (matching Ud 8.4 elsewhere in the canon): for the dependent there is agitation, for the independent none; no agitation brings tranquility, no inclination, no coming and going, no passing away and reappearing, no this life or the next or between the two. “Just this is the end of suffering.”

After the visitors leave

Not long after Sāriputta and Mahācunda depart, Channa takes his own life. Sāriputta returns to the Buddha and asks the question that follows naturally from a death: where has Channa been reborn?

Not about hospitable families, but about taking up another body

The Buddha turns the question back to Sāriputta: didn't Channa declare his own blamelessness in person? Sāriputta mentions a Vajjian village where Channa had friendly families — upavajjakulāni, which the Buddha's own answer plays against upavajja (“blameworthy”), a wordplay Sujato's own note explains directly. That is not the Buddha's own criterion, though: “when someone lays down this body and takes up another body, I call them 'blameworthy'. But the mendicant Channa did no such thing.” The verdict — blameless — is confirmed, on those specific terms.

A caution this reading guide states directly

Sujato's own note on this discourse's close observes that suicide is generally condemned in Buddhism as the taking of a human life, and that this discourse and similar ones (SN 4.23, SN 22.87) are widely read as allowing it specifically for an arahant facing a terminal illness, whose freedom from clinging has already been confirmed — not as a general endorsement extended to anyone in pain. Compassion for suffering, not a simple rule, is what this discourse asks of its reader.

Which Channa is this?

Sujato's own note is explicit that this Channa appears only in this discourse, and is not the same person as the Buddha's former charioteer — the Channa famously admonished on the Buddha's deathbed at DN 16 — a distinct figure this discourse does not concern.

Key terms

satthaṁ āharissāmi — “I will commit suicide” — Channa's own declared intention, spoken plainly to Sāriputta
anupavajja — blameless — Channa's own advance declaration, confirmed twice over by the Buddha at this discourse's close
upavajja / upavajjakulāni — blameworthy / families worth approaching — the wordplay Sāriputta's own answer walks into, and the Buddha's own answer sets aside
nissita / anissita — dependent / independent — the opening pair of Mahācunda's parting teaching, matching Ud 8.4 elsewhere in the canon
kāyaṁ nikkhipati...aññaṁ kāyaṁ upādiyati — “lays down this body and takes up another” — the Buddha's own criterion for “blameworthy,” which Channa's death does not meet

The text

The complete discourse: Channa's illness and declared intention, the catechism confirming his freedom from self-view, his death, and the Buddha's own verdict. Translation: Bhikkhu Sujato (CC0, SuttaCentral).

§1At one time the Buddha was staying near Rājagaha, in the Bamboo Grove, the squirrels’ feeding ground. Now at that time the venerables Sāriputta, Mahācunda, and Channa were staying on the Vulture’s Peak Mountain. Now at that time Venerable Channa was sick, suffering, gravely ill. Then in the late afternoon, Venerable Sāriputta came out of retreat, went to Venerable Mahācunda and said to him, “Come, Reverend Cunda, let’s go to see Venerable Channa and ask about his illness.” “Yes, reverend,” replied Mahācunda.

§2And then Sāriputta and Mahācunda went to see Channa and sat down on the seats spread out. Sāriputta said to Channa: “I hope you’re keeping well, Reverend Channa; I hope you’re all right. I hope that your pain is fading, not growing, that its fading is evident, not its growing.”

§3“Reverend Sāriputta, I’m not keeping well, I’m not getting by. The pain is terrible and growing, not fading; its growing is evident, not its fading. The winds piercing my head are so severe, it feels like a strong man drilling into my head with a sharp point. The pain in my head is so severe, it feels like a strong man tightening a strong leather strap around my head. The winds slicing my belly are so severe, like a deft butcher or their apprentice were slicing open a cows’s belly with a sharp meat cleaver. The burning in my body is so severe, it feels like two strong men grabbing a weaker man by the arms to burn and scorch him on a pit of glowing coals. I’m not keeping well, I’m not getting by. The pain is terrible and growing, not fading; its growing is evident, not its fading. Reverend Sāriputta, I will commit suicide. I don’t wish to live.”

§4“Please don’t commit suicide! Venerable Channa, keep going! We want you to keep going. If you don’t have any suitable food, we’ll find it for you. If you don’t have suitable medicine, we’ll find it for you. If you don’t have a capable carer, we’ll find one for you. Please don’t commit suicide! Venerable Channa, keep going! We want you to keep going.”

§5“Reverend Sāriputta, it’s not that I don’t have suitable food; I do have suitable food. It’s not that I don’t have suitable medicine; I do have suitable medicine. It’s not that I don’t have a capable carer; I do have a capable carer. Moreover, for a long time now I have served the Teacher with love, not without love. For it is proper for a disciple to serve the Teacher with love, not without love. You should remember this: ‘The mendicant Channa will commit suicide blamelessly.’”

§6“I’d like to ask Venerable Channa about a certain point, if you’d take the time to answer.” “Ask, Reverend Sāriputta. When I’ve heard it I’ll know.” “Reverend Channa, do you regard the eye, eye consciousness, and things knowable by eye consciousness in this way: ‘This is mine, I am this, this is my self’? Do you regard the ear … nose … tongue … body … mind, mind consciousness, and things knowable by mind consciousness in this way: ‘This is mine, I am this, this is my self’?”

§7“Reverend Sāriputta, I regard the eye, eye consciousness, and things knowable by eye consciousness in this way: ‘This is not mine, I am not this, this is not my self.’ I regard the ear … nose … tongue … body … mind, mind consciousness, and things knowable by mind consciousness in this way: ‘This is not mine, I am not this, this is not my self’.” “Reverend Channa, what have you seen, what have you directly known in these things that you regard them in this way: ‘This is not mine, I am not this, this is not my self’?” “Reverend Sāriputta, after seeing cessation, after directly knowing cessation in these things I regard them in this way: ‘This is not mine, I am not this, this is not my self’.”

§8When he said this, Venerable Mahācunda said to Venerable Channa, “So, Reverend Channa, you should regularly apply your mind well to this instruction of the Buddha: ‘For the dependent there is agitation. For the independent there’s no agitation. When there’s no agitation there is tranquility. When there’s tranquility there’s no inclination. When there’s no inclination, there’s no coming and going. When there’s no coming and going, there’s no passing away and reappearing. When there’s no passing away and reappearing, there’s no this life or the next or between the two. Just this is the end of suffering.’”

§9And when the venerables Sāriputta and Mahācunda had given Venerable Channa this advice they got up from their seat and left. Not long after those venerables had left, Venerable Channa committed suicide.

§10Then Sāriputta went up to the Buddha, bowed, sat down to one side, and said to him, “Sir, Venerable Channa has committed suicide. Where has he been reborn in his next life?” “Sāriputta, didn’t the mendicant Channa declare his blamelessness to you personally?” “Sir, there is a Vajjian village named Pubbajira. There Channa had families who were friendly, intimate, and hospitable.” “The mendicant Channa did indeed have such families, Sāriputta. But this is not enough for me to call someone ‘blameworthy’. When someone lays down this body and takes up another body, I call them ‘blameworthy’. But the mendicant Channa did no such thing. You should remember this: ‘The mendicant Channa committed suicide blamelessly.’”

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Self-check quiz

6 questions. Click an answer to see immediate feedback. No score is recorded — this is for your own checking.

Question 1 of 6
What does Channa declare to Sāriputta and Mahācunda when they visit him?
Correct: A. Spoken plainly, after describing his agonizing symptoms.
Question 2 of 6
What does Sāriputta offer, and what is Channa's response?
Correct: A. Channa's own decision is not about lacking material support.
Question 3 of 6
What does Channa say grounds his freedom from any view of self, when Sāriputta asks?
Correct: A. “After seeing cessation, after directly knowing cessation in these things.”
Question 4 of 6
What is the Buddha's own criterion for calling someone's death “blameworthy,” according to his verdict on Channa?
Correct: A. Not about family ties — the wordplay Sāriputta's answer walks into is explicitly set aside.
Question 5 of 6
How does Sujato's own note frame this discourse's relationship to suicide in general?
Correct: A. Not a general rule — turning specifically on Channa's confirmed freedom from clinging.
Question 6 of 6
Is this Channa the same person as the Buddha's former charioteer admonished on his deathbed at DN 16?
Correct: A. A common point of confusion the note addresses directly.
Answered 0 of 6 · Correct 0