Saṃyutta Nikāya · Discourse 43.1

Mindfulness of the Body

Kāyagatāsatisutta — Paṭhamavagga

Setting
Sāvatthī
Speakers
The Buddha, addressing the mendicants directly — no interlocutor appears anywhere in this saṃyutta
Form
This saṃyutta's own fixed formula, given here in full for the only time in Paṭhamavagga — compressed in every discourse that follows until the vagga's own close
Length
~1 minute to read
Northern parallel
No individual parallel confirmed for this discourse (SuttaCentral's own suttaplex record lists zero); a Chinese Saṃyukta-āgama counterpart, SA 890, exists but is matched to the SN 43.11–43 range, not this opening discourse
Difficulty
★☆☆☆☆ — a short, formulaic opening

Why this discourse

This discourse opens Book IV's ninth saṃyutta with the formula every one of its own forty-four discourses will share in some compressed form: “I will teach you the unconditioned and the path that leads to the unconditioned.” The unconditioned (asaṅkhata) is defined once, identically, throughout — the ending of greed, hate, and delusion — while the path half of the formula is filled eleven different ways across this vagga. Here it is filled with the first and, on this site, the most basic: mindfulness of the body.

Reading guide

The unconditioned, defined once for the whole saṃyutta

“The ending of greed, hate, and delusion” — this exact three-part definition of asaṅkhata is presupposed rather than restated in every one of this vagga's own remaining nine discourses, confirmed by reading SN 43.2–10 directly: only the “path” half of the formula varies from here on, not the goal itself.

Eleven paths, one goal — the cycle this vagga sets up

Mindfulness of the body opens a list of eleven formulations of practice this vagga will cycle through one at a time, ending at SN 43.11 with the noble eightfold path itself — not a ranking from lesser to greater practice, since each discourse names its own single formulation “the path that leads to the unconditioned” without qualification, the same unqualified claim made eleven times over for eleven different practices.

Key terms

asaṅkhataṁ — “the unconditioned” — this saṃyutta's own name for nibbāna, defined identically throughout Paṭhamavagga and given a fresh synonym in each discourse of Dutiyavagga to come
rāgakkhayo dosakkhayo mohakkhayo — “the ending of greed, hate, and delusion” — the fixed definition of the unconditioned itself, restated in full only here and at SN 43.12 and SN 43.44
asaṅkhatagāmimaggo — “the path that leads to the unconditioned” — the variable half of the formula, filled eleven different ways across this vagga
kāyagatāsati — “mindfulness of the body” — the first of the eleven path-formulations, opening the whole saṃyutta and returning once more at SN 43.44 to close it
etāni rukkhamūlāni... jhāyatha — “here are these roots of trees... practice absorption!” — the standard closing exhortation, given here in full and elided in every discourse that follows until Paṭhamavagga's own close at SN 43.11

The text

The complete discourse. Translation: Bhikkhu Sujato (CC0, SuttaCentral).

§1At Sāvatthī. “Mendicants, I will teach you the unconditioned and the path that leads to the unconditioned. Listen … And what is the unconditioned? The ending of greed, hate, and delusion. This is called the unconditioned. And what is the path that leads to the unconditioned? Mindfulness of the body. This is called the path that leads to the unconditioned. So, mendicants, I’ve taught you the unconditioned and the path that leads to the unconditioned. Out of sympathy, I’ve done what a teacher should do who wants what’s best for their disciples. Here are these roots of trees, and here are these empty huts. Practice absorption, mendicants! Don’t be negligent! Don’t regret it later! This is my instruction to you.”

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Self-check quiz

3 questions. Click an answer to see immediate feedback. No score is recorded — this is for your own checking.

Question 1 of 3
How is "the unconditioned" (asaṅkhata) defined in this discourse?
Correct: A. This exact three-part definition is presupposed, not restated, in every discourse of Paṭhamavagga that follows.
Question 2 of 3
Which practice does this discourse name as "the path that leads to the unconditioned"?
Correct: A. The first of eleven formulations this vagga will cycle through one at a time, ending at SN 43.11 with the eightfold path.
Question 3 of 3
What happens to this discourse's own closing exhortation in the nine discourses that follow it?
Correct: A. SN 43.2 elides it with a bare ellipsis; SN 43.3-43.10 elide the opening announcement as well, keeping only the path-formulation itself.
Answered 0 of 3 · Correct 0