Saṃyutta Nikāya · Discourse 45.9

A Spike

Sūkasutta — Avijjāvagga

Setting
Sāvatthī
Speakers
The Buddha, addressing the mendicants directly
Form
A physical simile, applied in both directions before its own explanation
Length
~1 minute to read
Northern parallel
No individual parallel confirmed by this project's own check
Difficulty
★☆☆☆☆ — a vivid, everyday image

Why this discourse

A rice or barley spike, its own sharp point ordinarily capable of piercing skin, is harmless if it happens to be pointing the wrong way when trodden on — and the identical structure holds, the Buddha says, for a mendicant's own view and development of the path: pointed the wrong way, it cannot break ignorance no matter how vigorously pursued; pointed the right way, it can. Direction matters independently of effort.

Reading guide

A sharp point, rendered harmless by direction alone

The spike's own sharpness is not in question either way — what determines whether it draws blood is purely which way it points when trodden on, confirmed by reading both halves of the simile directly: not a claim about a blunt versus a sharp spike, but about orientation alone.

Right view as orientation, not merely content

“A mendicant whose view and development of the path is pointing the wrong way” cannot break ignorance “no matter” how the phrase is read — the simile locates the problem in direction, not in the sharpness or vigor of the practice itself, a distinct emphasis from this vagga's own SN 45.1, which treated ignorance and knowledge as what starts a causal chain rather than as a direction the path itself can point in.

The same eightfold path, once the direction is right

Asked how a mendicant whose view points the right way actually breaks ignorance, the answer is, once more, the eightfold path's own eight factors developed together — this vagga's own recurring answer, here framed as what becomes possible once orientation itself is correct.

Key terms

sūkaṁ — “a spike” of rice or barley — the simile's own central image
micchāpaṇihitaṁ — “pointing the wrong way” — applied both to the literal spike and to a mendicant's own view and path-development
sammāpaṇihitaṁ — “pointing the right way” — the reversed condition, under which the spike may draw blood and the path may break ignorance
avijjaṁ padāletvā vijjaṁ uppādetvā nibbānaṁ sacchikareyya — “break ignorance, produce knowledge, and realize extinguishment” — what becomes possible once view and path-development point the right way
diṭṭhisampanno maggabhāvanāsampanno — “whose view and development of the path is pointing the right way” — the discourse's own key phrase, repeated for both directions of the simile

The text

The complete discourse. Translation: Bhikkhu Sujato (CC0, SuttaCentral).

A spike pointing the wrong way

§1At Sāvatthī. “Mendicants, suppose a spike of rice or barley was pointing the wrong way. If you trod on it with hand or foot, it is impossible for it to break the skin and produce blood. Why is that? Because the spike is pointing the wrong way. In the same way, a mendicant whose view and development of the path is pointing the wrong way cannot break ignorance, produce knowledge, and realize extinguishment. Why is that? Because their view is pointing the wrong way.

A spike pointing the right way, and why

§2Suppose a spike of rice or barley was pointing the right way. If you trod on it with hand or foot, it’s possible it may break the skin and produce blood. Why is that? Because the spike is pointing the right way. In the same way, a mendicant whose view and development of the path is pointing the right way may well break ignorance, produce knowledge, and realize extinguishment. Why is that? Because their view is pointing the right way. And how does a mendicant whose view and development of the path is pointing the right way break ignorance, give rise to knowledge, and realize extinguishment? It’s when a mendicant develops right view, right purpose, right speech, right action, right livelihood, right effort, right mindfulness, and right immersion, which rely on seclusion, fading away, and cessation, and ripen as letting go. That’s how a mendicant whose view and development of the path is pointing the right way breaks ignorance, gives rise to knowledge, and realizes extinguishment.”

· · ·

Self-check quiz

3 questions. Click an answer to see immediate feedback. No score is recorded — this is for your own checking.

Question 1 of 3
What determines whether the rice or barley spike in this simile draws blood?
Correct: A. The spike's own sharpness is not in question either way — the simile isolates direction alone.
Question 2 of 3
What does this simile say about a mendicant whose view points the wrong way?
Correct: A. The problem is located in direction, not in the sharpness or vigor of the practice itself.
Question 3 of 3
What does a mendicant whose view points the right way actually develop, according to this discourse?
Correct: A. This vagga's own recurring answer, here framed as what becomes possible once orientation is correct.
Answered 0 of 3 · Correct 0