Saṃyutta Nikāya · Discourse 46.33

Corruptions

Upakkilesasutta — Nīvaraṇavagga

Setting
Not specified — an abbreviated narrative frame
Speakers
The Buddha, addressing the mendicants directly
Form
One extended simile, naming five specific corrupting metals and five specific corrupting mental states in parallel
Length
1-2 minutes to read
Northern parallel
No individual parallel confirmed by this project's own check
Difficulty
★★☆☆☆ — vivid, precise imagery drawn from metallurgy

Why this discourse

Native gold, corrupted by iron, copper, tin, lead, or silver, becomes brittle, unworkable, and dull rather than pliable, workable, and radiant — a precise metallurgical image applied directly to the mind, corrupted in the same way by the five hindrances, and thereby unable to reach the immersion needed for the ending of defilements.

Reading guide

A one-to-one correspondence, not a loose analogy

Confirmed by direct reading, this discourse names five specific metals (iron, copper, tin, lead, silver) as corrupting gold in the identical way the five hindrances corrupt the mind, using the identical descriptive terms (“not pliable, workable, or radiant... brittle”) for both — a precise, symmetrical simile rather than a loose comparison.

A well-known image beyond this discourse alone

The gold-and-impurities simile for mental purification recurs elsewhere in the canon (notably in accounts of purifying concentration through progressive removal of defilements) — this discourse applies it specifically to the five hindrances as what keeps the mind from being “rightly immersed in samādhi for the ending of defilements.”

Key terms

jātarūpassa upakkilesā — “corruptions of native gold” — the discourse's own opening image, naming five specific metals
ayo lohaṁ tipu sīsaṁ sajjhaṁ — “iron, copper, tin, lead, and silver” — the five metals named as corrupting native gold, rendering it brittle and unworkable
na ceva mudu hoti na ca kammaniyaṁ na ca pabhassaraṁ — “not pliable, workable, or radiant” — the identical description applied to both corrupted gold and the corrupted mind
kāmacchando byāpādo thinamiddhaṁ uddhaccakukkuccaṁ vicikicchā — sensual desire, ill will, dullness and drowsiness, restlessness and remorse, and doubt — the five corruptions of the mind, corresponding to the five corrupting metals
na ca sammā samādhiyati āsavānaṁ khayāya — “not rightly immersed in samādhi for the ending of defilements” — the specific consequence of a mind corrupted by the five hindrances

The text

The complete discourse. Translation: Bhikkhu Sujato (CC0, SuttaCentral).

§1 — the five corruptions of gold“Mendicants, there are these five corruptions of native gold. When native gold is corrupted by these it’s not pliable, workable, or radiant, but is brittle and not completely ready for working. What five? Iron, copper, tin, lead, and silver. When native gold is corrupted by these five corruptions it’s not pliable, workable, or radiant, but is brittle and not completely ready for working.

§2 — the five corruptions of the mindIn the same way, there are these five corruptions of the mind. When the mind is corrupted by these it’s not pliable, workable, or radiant. It’s brittle, and not rightly immersed in samādhi for the ending of defilements. What five? Sensual desire, ill will, dullness and drowsiness, restlessness and remorse, and doubt. These are the five corruptions of the mind. When the mind is corrupted by these it’s not pliable, workable, or radiant. It’s brittle, and not rightly immersed in samādhi for the ending of defilements.”

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Self-check quiz

3 questions. Click an answer to see immediate feedback. No score is recorded — this is for your own checking.

Question 1 of 3
What five metals does this discourse name as corrupting native gold?
Correct: A. A precise, specific list corresponding one-to-one with the five hindrances.
Question 2 of 3
What specific consequence does the discourse name for a mind corrupted by the five hindrances?
Correct: A. A precise functional consequence, mirroring the metallurgical image of gold rendered unworkable.
Question 3 of 3
How does this discourse's own comparison work — as a loose analogy or a precise correspondence?
Correct: A. Confirmed by direct reading — five metals matched to five hindrances, with identical language throughout.
Answered 0 of 3 · Correct 0