Saṃyutta Nikāya · Discourse 46.42

A Wheel-Turning Monarch

Cakkavattisutta — Cakkavattivagga

Setting
Not specified — an abbreviated narrative frame
Speakers
The Buddha, addressing the mendicants directly
Form
One extended simile drawing on a well-known cosmological figure, giving this vagga its own name
Length
1-2 minutes to read
Northern parallel
No individual parallel confirmed by this project's own check
Difficulty
★★☆☆☆ — draws on a well-known mythological figure from elsewhere in the canon

Why this discourse

A Wheel-Turning Monarch (cakkavatti) — a legendary universal ruler whose appearance in the world brings seven treasures (the wheel, the elephant, the horse, the jewel, the woman, the householder, and the commander) — is likened here to a Buddha's own appearance, which brings a different set of seven treasures: the awakening factors themselves.

Reading guide

A well-known figure from elsewhere in the canon

The Wheel-Turning Monarch and the seven physical treasures accompanying such a ruler are a recurring cosmological motif found in other discourses (notably in the Cakkavattisīhanāda Sutta and the Mahāsudassana Sutta); this discourse assumes the reader's own familiarity with the motif rather than explaining it, applying it directly as a structural parallel to the seven awakening factors.

Two sevens, one structural parallel

The comparison is purely structural — sevenfold list appearing alongside a rare and significant figure — rather than a claim that the two lists share any content in common; a Wheel-Turning Monarch's own treasures are worldly and material, while a Buddha's own “treasures” are the awakening factors themselves, confirmed by direct reading to be a deliberate elevation of the awakening factors to the same rarity and significance as the cakkavatti's own legendary treasures.

Key terms

rājā cakkavattī — “a Wheel-Turning Monarch” — a legendary universal ruler, a recurring cosmological figure found elsewhere in the canon
cakkaṁ hatthiratanaṁ assaratanaṁ maṇiratanaṁ itthiratanaṁ gahapatiratanaṁ pariṇāyakaratanaṁ — the wheel, the elephant, the horse, the jewel, the woman, the householder, and the commander — the seven physical treasures accompanying such a ruler
tathāgato arahaṁ sammāsambuddho — “a Realized One, a perfected one, a fully awakened Buddha” — the structural parallel to the Wheel-Turning Monarch's own appearance
bojjhaṅgaratanāni — “the treasures of the awakening factors” — this discourse's own elevated description of the seven awakening factors, matching the cakkavatti's own seven physical treasures in rarity and significance
sati... upekkhā — the seven awakening factors, named in brief succession as this discourse's own second set of seven treasures

The text

The complete discourse. Translation: Bhikkhu Sujato (CC0, SuttaCentral).

§1 — a Wheel-Turning Monarch's own seven treasures“Mendicants, when a Wheel-Turning Monarch appears seven treasures appear. What seven? The wheel, the elephant, the horse, the jewel, the woman, the householder, and the commander. When a Wheel-Turning Monarch appears these seven treasures appear.

§2 — the seven treasures of the awakening factorsWhen a Realized One, a perfected one, a fully awakened Buddha appears the seven treasures of the awakening factors appear. What seven? The treasures of the awakening factors of mindfulness, investigation of principles, energy, rapture, tranquility, immersion, and equanimity. When a Realized One, a perfected one, a fully awakened Buddha appears these seven treasures of the awakening factors appear.”

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Self-check quiz

3 questions. Click an answer to see immediate feedback. No score is recorded — this is for your own checking.

Question 1 of 3
What seven treasures does this discourse name as appearing with a Wheel-Turning Monarch?
Correct: A. A well-known cosmological motif for a legendary universal ruler found elsewhere in the canon.
Question 2 of 3
What kind of comparison does this discourse make between the two sets of seven?
Correct: A. Confirmed by direct reading — an elevation of the awakening factors to the same rarity as the cakkavatti's own legendary treasures.
Question 3 of 3
What gives this vagga its own name?
Correct: A. Confirmed by the vagga's own colophon, "Cakkavattivaggo," naming this discourse's own central image.
Answered 0 of 3 · Correct 0