Saṃyutta Nikāya · Discourse 48.21

Future Lives

Punabbhavasutta — Chaḷindriyavagga

Setting
Not specified in the source
Speakers
The Buddha, addressing the mendicants directly, in the first person about his own awakening
Form
A first-person testimony, closing with the classic post-awakening knowledge-and-vision utterance
Length
<1 minute to read
Northern parallel
No individual parallel confirmed by this project's own check
Significance
★★★★☆ — opens a new vagga with the Buddha's own direct testimony, and shows a genuine, unresolved discrepancy between the vagga's own name and this discourse's own content

Why this discourse

This discourse opens Chaḷindriyavagga (“The Six Faculties”) with the Buddha's own first-person testimony: he did not announce his supreme perfect awakening until he truly understood the five faculties' own origin, disappearance, gratification, drawback, and escape — yet this opening discourse itself names only the standard FIVE faculties, not six, a discrepancy this project's own honest reading declines to resolve by guesswork.

Reading guide

A vagga name that doesn't yet match its own content

Confirmed by direct reading, this vagga's own Pāli name — Chaḷindriyavagga, “the vagga of the SIX faculties” — does not match this opening discourse's own content, which lists the same standard FIVE faculties (faith, energy, mindfulness, immersion, wisdom) met throughout this saṃyutta so far. This project's own honest practice is to report this discrepancy plainly rather than guess at a resolution; a sixth faculty may appear in a later discourse of this vagga.

The Buddha's own testimony: withholding the proclamation

Confirmed by direct reading, this discourse has the Buddha speak in the first person about his own path to awakening: he states plainly that he did NOT announce his “supreme perfect awakening” (anuttaraṁ sammāsambodhiṁ) to the world until he had truly understood the five faculties through a specific fivefold analytical lens.

The classic fivefold lens, and the classic closing utterance

Confirmed by direct reading, the analytical lens applied here — origin, disappearance, gratification, drawback, and escape (samudaya, atthaṅgama, assāda, ādīnava, nissaraṇa) — is a classic formula this project has met applied to other subjects elsewhere in the canon; and the discourse closes with the equally classic post-awakening utterance — “my freedom is unshakable; this is my last rebirth; now there'll be no more future lives” — which gives this discourse its own title, Punabbhava (“future lives”).

Key terms

Chaḷindriyavagga — “the vagga of the six faculties” — the vagga's own Pāli name, not yet matched by this opening discourse's own content, which lists only five
samudayañca atthaṅgamañca assādañca ādīnavañca nissaraṇañca — “origin, disappearance, gratification, drawback, and escape” — the classic fivefold analytical lens applied here to the five faculties
anuttaraṁ sammāsambodhiṁ abhisambuddho — “awakened to the supreme perfect awakening” — what the Buddha withheld announcing until he understood
akuppā me vimutti — “my freedom is unshakable” — part of the classic post-awakening knowledge-and-vision utterance
natthi dāni punabbhavo — “now there'll be no more future lives” — giving this discourse its own title, Punabbhava

The text

The complete discourse. Translation: Bhikkhu Sujato (CC0, SuttaCentral).

§1“Mendicants, there are these five faculties. What five? The faculties of faith, energy, mindfulness, immersion, and wisdom. As long as I didn’t truly understand these five faculties’ origin, disappearance, gratification, drawback, and escape, I didn’t announce my supreme perfect awakening in this world with its gods, Māras, and Divinities, this population with its ascetics and brahmins, its gods and humans. But when I did truly understand these five faculties’ origin, disappearance, gratification, drawback, and escape, I announced my supreme perfect awakening in this world with its gods, Māras, and Divinities, this population with its ascetics and brahmins, its gods and humans. Knowledge and vision arose in me: ‘My freedom is unshakable; this is my last rebirth; now there’ll be no more future lives.’”

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Self-check quiz

3 questions. Click an answer to see immediate feedback. No score is recorded — this is for your own checking.

Question 1 of 3
What discrepancy does this discourse's own opening reveal?
Correct: A. A genuine, unresolved discrepancy this project reports honestly rather than guessing at.
Question 2 of 3
What did the Buddha say he withheld until he truly understood the five faculties?
Correct: A. A first-person testimony about the condition for his own proclamation.
Question 3 of 3
What classic utterance closes this discourse, and what title does it give?
Correct: A. The classic post-awakening knowledge-and-vision formula, naming this discourse "Future Lives."
Answered 0 of 3 · Correct 0