Saṃyutta Nikāya · Discourse 48.41

Old Age

Jarādhammasutta — Jarāvagga

Setting
Sāvatthī, the stilt longhouse of Migāra's mother in the Eastern Monastery, late afternoon
Speakers
Venerable Ānanda, massaging the Buddha's limbs and remarking on his aging; the Buddha, confirming it plainly and closing with two verses
Form
A genuine narrative scene, closing with verse — a radically different genre from every discourse in Vaggas 1-4
Length
<1 minute to read
Northern parallel
No individual parallel confirmed by this project's own check
Significance
★★★★★ — a deeply human, personal scene opening this new vagga, and a genuine textual variant worth reporting honestly: only five sense faculties named, not six

Why this discourse

This discourse opens Jarāvagga (“Old Age”) with a radically different genre than every discourse in Vaggas 1-4: a genuine narrative scene, Ānanda massaging the aging Buddha's limbs and remarking, with evident tenderness, on his visible physical decline — including a deterioration in the faculties of eye, ear, nose, tongue, and body — which the Buddha confirms plainly and closes with two somber verses on old age and death's universal reach.

Reading guide

A narrative scene, not a doctrinal listing

Confirmed by direct reading, this discourse departs entirely from the form of every discourse this project has translated across Vaggas 1-4 of this saṃyutta: a specific setting, named characters, a physical gesture (Ānanda massaging the Buddha's limbs), and a personal, even tender, observation about the Buddha's own visible aging.

A genuine variant: five sense faculties, not six

Confirmed by direct reading, this discourse names only FIVE sense faculties as showing visible “deterioration” (aññathatta) — eye, ear, nose, tongue, and body — omitting mind (manindriya), unlike the six-fold list this project's own SN 48.25 confirmed earlier in this saṃyutta. This project reports this variant plainly rather than guessing at a reason; a natural reading is that only physically visible decline is being described, but this discourse's own text does not state that explicitly.

Old age's ravages, and death's universal reach

Confirmed by direct reading, the Buddha's own closing verses lament old age directly (“curse this wretched old age, which makes you so ugly”) and close with a stark reminder that no lifespan, however long, escapes death: “even if you live for a hundred years, you'll still end up dying … death spares no-one, but crushes all underfoot.”

Key terms

Jarāvagga — “the vagga of old age” — this new vagga's own name, opening with a personal scene rather than a doctrinal category
jarādhammo yobbaññe, byādhidhammo ārogye, maraṇadhammo jīvite — “when young you're liable to grow old; when healthy you're liable to get sick; and when alive you're liable to die” — the Buddha's own plain confirmation
cakkhundriyassa sotindriyassa ghānindriyassa jivhindriyassa kāyindriyassa — the five sense faculties named here — eye, ear, nose, tongue, body — notably omitting mind (manindriya)
jarāya abhimadditaṁ — “ground down by old age” — the verse's own central image for the body's decline
sabbamevābhimaddati — “crushes all underfoot” — death's universal reach, closing this discourse's own final verse

The text

The complete discourse. Translation: Bhikkhu Sujato (CC0, SuttaCentral).

§1 — the settingSo I have heard. At one time the Buddha was staying near Sāvatthī in the stilt longhouse of Migāra’s mother in the Eastern Monastery. Then in the late afternoon, the Buddha came out of retreat and sat warming his back in the last rays of the sun.

§2 — Ānanda's own observationThen Venerable Ānanda went up to the Buddha, bowed, and while massaging the Buddha’s limbs he said: “It’s incredible, sir, it’s amazing, how the complexion of your skin is no longer pure and bright. Your limbs are flaccid and wrinkled, and your body is stooped. And it’s apparent that there has been a deterioration in your faculties of eye, ear, nose, tongue, and body.”

§3 — the Buddha's own confirmation“That’s how it is, Ānanda. When young you’re liable to grow old; when healthy you’re liable to get sick; and when alive you’re liable to die. The complexion of the skin is no longer pure and bright. The limbs are flaccid and wrinkled, and the body is stooped. And it’s apparent that there has been a deterioration in the faculties of eye, ear, nose, tongue, and body.”

§4-6 — the closing versesThat is what the Buddha said. Then the Holy One, the Teacher, went on to say: “Curse this wretched old age, which makes you so ugly. That’s how much this delightful puppet is ground down by old age. Even if you live for a hundred years, you’ll still end up dying. Death spares no-one, but crushes all underfoot.”

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Self-check quiz

3 questions. Click an answer to see immediate feedback. No score is recorded — this is for your own checking.

Question 1 of 3
How does this discourse's own form differ from every discourse in Vaggas 1-4?
Correct: A. A radically different genre, opening this new vagga.
Question 2 of 3
What genuine textual variant does this discourse's own list of faculties show?
Correct: A. Reported honestly, without guessing at a reason not stated in the text.
Question 3 of 3
What does the Buddha's own closing verse say about a hundred-year lifespan?
Correct: A. Death's universal reach, regardless of how long one lives.
Answered 0 of 3 · Correct 0