Saṃyutta Nikāya · Discourse 48.9

Analysis (1st)

Paṭhamavibhaṅgasutta — Suddhikavagga

Setting
Not specified in the source
Speakers
The Buddha, addressing the mendicants directly
Form
Five paired questions and answers, each giving a full definition of one faculty
Length
2-3 minutes to read
Northern parallel
No individual parallel confirmed by this project's own check
Significance
★★★★★ — the first discourse in this saṃyutta to actually define each faculty, rather than merely naming, mapping, or applying a lens to it

Why this discourse

Every discourse so far in this saṃyutta has NAMED the five faculties, applied an analytical lens to them, or mapped them onto other groupings — but this is the FIRST discourse to actually DEFINE each one individually, including, for the faculty of faith, the canon's own classic ninefold formula recollecting the Buddha's own qualities.

Reading guide

Faith, defined through the ninefold recollection formula

Confirmed by direct reading, the faculty of faith is defined here through the canon's own well-known ninefold formula — “perfected, a fully awakened Buddha, accomplished in knowledge and conduct, holy, knower of the world, supreme guide for those fit for training, teacher of gods and humans, awakened, blessed” — the same recollection formula this project has met defining faith elsewhere in the canon.

Energy, mindfulness, and immersion, each given its own working definition

Confirmed by direct reading, energy is defined as being roused up for giving up unskillful qualities and embracing skillful ones, strong and staunchly vigorous; mindfulness as utmost mindfulness and alertness, able to recall what was said and done long ago; and immersion as gaining unification of mind by relying on letting go (vossaggārammaṇa).

Wisdom, defined by its own object -- arising and passing away

Confirmed by direct reading, the faculty of wisdom is defined here as “the wisdom of arising and passing away” (udayatthagāminī paññā) — noble, penetrative, and leading to the complete ending of suffering — naming impermanence itself as wisdom's own proper object in this discourse.

Key terms

itipi so bhagavā arahaṁ sammāsambuddho... — the classic ninefold recollection-of-the-Buddha formula, given here in full as the content of faith itself
āraddhavīriyo... thāmavā daḷhaparakkamo — “energy roused up... strong, staunchly vigorous” — the definition of the faculty of energy
paramena satinepakkena — “with utmost mindfulness and alertness” — part of the definition of the faculty of mindfulness, paired with the ability to recall what was said and done long ago
vossaggārammaṇaṁ karitvā — “relying on letting go” — the condition given for gaining immersion, this discourse's own definition of the faculty of immersion
udayatthagāminī paññā — “the wisdom of arising and passing away” — this discourse's own definition of the faculty of wisdom, naming impermanence as its proper object

The text

The complete discourse, in its own five parts. Translation: Bhikkhu Sujato (CC0, SuttaCentral).

§1 — faith“Mendicants, there are these five faculties. What five? The faculties of faith, energy, mindfulness, immersion, and wisdom. And what is the faculty of faith? It’s when a noble disciple has faith in the Realized One’s awakening: ‘That Blessed One is perfected, a fully awakened Buddha, accomplished in knowledge and conduct, holy, knower of the world, supreme guide for those fit for training, teacher of gods and humans, awakened, blessed.’ This is called the faculty of faith.

§2 — energyAnd what is the faculty of energy? It’s when a noble disciple lives with energy roused up for giving up unskillful qualities and embracing skillful qualities. They’re strong, staunchly vigorous, not slacking off when it comes to developing skillful qualities. This is called the faculty of energy.

§3 — mindfulnessAnd what is the faculty of mindfulness? It’s when a noble disciple is mindful. They have utmost mindfulness and alertness, and can remember and recall what was said and done long ago. This is called the faculty of mindfulness.

§4 — immersionAnd what is the faculty of immersion? It’s when a noble disciple, relying on letting go, gains immersion, gains unification of mind. This is called the faculty of immersion.

§5 — wisdomAnd what is the faculty of wisdom? It’s when a noble disciple is wise. They have the wisdom of arising and passing away which is noble, penetrative, and leads to the complete ending of suffering. This is called the faculty of wisdom. These are the five faculties.”

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Self-check quiz

3 questions. Click an answer to see immediate feedback. No score is recorded — this is for your own checking.

Question 1 of 3
How does this discourse differ from every earlier discourse in this saṃyutta?
Correct: A. Every earlier discourse named, analyzed, or mapped the faculties — this one defines each in turn.
Question 2 of 3
How is the faculty of faith defined in this discourse?
Correct: A. The same recollection formula this project has met defining faith elsewhere in the canon.
Question 3 of 3
What is named as wisdom's own proper object in this discourse?
Correct: A. The wisdom of arising and passing away, noble, penetrative, and leading to the complete ending of suffering.
Answered 0 of 3 · Correct 0