Reading guide
Fraud named specifically, not trade in general
This project's own reading: unlike SN 56.92's own general restraint from buying and selling, this discourse targets a specific dishonest practice within trade — falsified weights, adulterated metals, and rigged measures — naming fraud as its own distinct concern rather than commerce as such.
Key terms
appakā te sattā ye tulākūṭakaṁsakūṭamānakūṭā paṭiviratā — “the sentient beings who refrain from falsifying weights, metals, or measures are few” — the rare category, matching the tiny pinch of dirt
tulākūṭa — “false weight” — the first of three named forms of fraud, giving this discourse its own title
kaṁsakūṭa — “false metal, adulterated coinage” — the second named form of fraud
mānakūṭa — “false measure” — the third named form of fraud
… — the elision marking, standing in for the fingernail demonstration already given in full at SN 56.61-62
The text
Every genuinely translated fragment given in the consulted English source, which itself preserves the elision back to SN 56.61's own full statement. Translation: Bhikkhu Sujato (CC0, SuttaCentral).
§1“… the sentient beings who refrain from falsifying weights, metals, or measures are few, while those who don’t refrain are many. …”
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Self-check quiz
3 questions. Click an answer to see immediate feedback. No score is recorded — this is for your own checking.
Question 1 of 3
What three specific forms of fraud does this discourse name?
Correct: A. Confirmed by direct reading — three specific named forms, giving this discourse its own compound title.
Question 2 of 3
How does this discourse's own focus differ from SN 56.92's own general restraint from trade?
Correct: A. This project's own reading distinguishing general commercial restraint from a targeted concern with fraud.
Question 3 of 3
What position does this discourse occupy in this vagga's own sequence?
Correct: A. Confirmed by direct reading of the sequence's own order, following SN 56.93.