Theragatha · 19.1

Tālaputṭa

Tālaputṭa — The Book of the Fifties · Chapter One · Poem 1 of 1 (the whole book)

Setting
An extended two-part monologue: first a litany of yearning, then a sustained argument addressed directly to his own mind
Speaker
Tālapuṭa, entirely first-person, with the mind itself (citta) quoted at length
Form
Fifty-five verses, the entire Book of the Fifties in a single poem
Length
2–3 minutes to read
Northern parallel
This reading guide does not assert a specific matching text for this poem in other Buddhist literatures.
Difficulty
★★★★☆ — long, structurally unusual, and psychologically direct

Why this text

No other poem in this collection sustains a direct address to the speaker's own mind for this long. Where this site's own Dhammapada Chapter 3, The Mind, states the general teaching that the mind is hard to tame, Tālapuṭa's poem dramatizes it: he scolds his own mind for enticing him to renounce the world and then refusing to settle, quotes its own past promises back at it verse by verse, and ends by binding it like an elephant to a post — a single sustained psychological drama unmatched elsewhere in this collection.

Reading guide

Two distinct movements in one long poem

The poem falls into two clear parts: a litany of sixteen verses (1–16), each closing on the refrain ‘when will it be?’, yearning for a renunciant life not yet achieved; and then, from verse seventeen, an extended direct address to his own mind (citta) that occupies the rest of the poem — unique in scale among this collection's poems.

A litany of yearning, verse after verse

The opening sixteen verses each ask, in some form, ‘when will it be?’: for solitude in a mountain cave, for greed, hate, and delusion destroyed, for the sword of wisdom to cut the creeper of craving, for defeating Māra and his army, for equanimity toward praise and blame, for the monsoon rain to soak him in the forest, for hearing the peacock's cry in a mountain cave, and — per Sujato's comment on verse 14.3 — for crossing by psychic power even ‘the horrifying Mare's Mouth’, a mythical entrance to the underworld.

Turning to confront the mind directly

From verse seventeen, the poem's tone shifts entirely: ‘for many years you begged me, mind: “enough of living in a house for you!”... now that I've gone forth as an ascetic, why do you not urge me on?’ Tālapuṭa accuses his own mind of having enticed him into renunciation with visions of birds, thunder, and mountain solitude, only to lose interest once he actually went forth.

The mind's own old promises, quoted back at itself

Verses twenty-three through thirty quote, at length and in the mind's own voice, everything it once urged him to do: develop the absorptions and awakening factors, realize the three knowledges, develop the eightfold path, reflect on the aggregates as suffering, be a wilderness-dweller and rag-robe wearer who never lies down. Verse thirty-one delivers the accusation directly: the mind is like ‘someone who plants trees, then, when they're about to fruit, wishes to cut down the very same trees.’ Verse twenty-one interjects a teaching attributed to the Buddha himself: ‘the mind fidgets like a monkey, so it's very hard to control if you are not free of lust’ — the same underlying concern already treated in general terms in this site's own Dhammapada Chapter 3, The Mind.

A declaration of independence, and an extraordinary claim about the mind's power

Verse thirty-two turns decisively: ‘I won't do your bidding any more... I'll wander with my mind focused only on extinguishment.’ Verses thirty-seven and thirty-eight then make an extraordinary claim — that the mind alone determines every possible rebirth destiny: ‘only you, mind, make a brahmin; you make an aristocrat... sometimes we become peasants or menials, and life as a god is also on account of you... you alone make us titans; because of you we're born in hell... life as a ghost is also on account of you.’ Every realm of Buddhist cosmology, in this account, traces back to the workings of a single untamed mind.

Taming the mind like an elephant, a horse, a bellows

The poem's closing movement (from around verse forty) shifts from accusation to mastery, reclaiming the same mountain and forest imagery from the opening litany but now under his own control: ‘now I'll carefully guide it, as a trainer with a hook guides a rutting elephant’, ‘I shall strongly fasten you to a meditation subject, as an elephant is tied to a post with firm rope’, and, most strikingly, ‘I'd never touch a bellows with a mouth open at each end’ — refusing ever again to be blown about by his own mind's shifting winds.

A closing verdict on everyone who lives by the mind's whims

The poem's final verse turns outward to a general judgment: ‘the men and women who live under your will and command, mind... they are ignorant and fall under Māra's control; loving life, they're your disciples, mind.’ The entire fifty-five-verse argument closes not on Tālapuṭa's own victory alone, but on a diagnosis of everyone still ruled by an untamed mind.

Key terms

taṁ nu kadā bhavissati — “when will it be?” — the refrain closing each verse of the poem's opening sixteen-verse litany.
cittaṁ calaṁ makkaṭasannibhaṁ — “the mind fidgets like a monkey” — a teaching attributed to the Buddha, quoted within the poem at verse 21.
itissu maṁ citta pure niyuñjasi — “so you used to urge me, mind” — the refrain closing each verse in which the mind's own past promises are quoted back at it.
nāhaṁ alaṁ tuyha vase nivattituṁ — “nothing could make me return to your control” — Tālapuṭa's declaration of independence from his own mind's whims.
hatthippabhinnaṁ viya aṅkusaggaho — “as a trainer with a hook guides a rutting elephant” — one of several taming similes closing out the poem.

The text

The text in full: fifty-five verses, the entire Book of the Fifties in a single poem, moving from a litany of yearning to an extended direct address to the speaker's own mind. Translation: Bhikkhu Sujato (CC0, SuttaCentral).

§1Oh, when will I stay in a mountain cave, alone, with no companion, discerning all states of existence as impermanent? This hope of mine, when will it be?

§2Oh, when will I stay happily in the forest, a sage wearing a torn robe, dressed in ocher, unselfish, with no need for hope, with greed, hate, and delusion destroyed?

§3Oh, when will I stay alone in the wood, fearless, discerning this body as impermanent, a nest of death and disease, harried by death and old age; when will it be?

§4Oh, when will I live, having grasped the sharp sword of wisdom and cut the creeper of craving that tangles around everything, the mother of fear, the bringer of suffering? When will it be?

§5Oh, when will I, seated on the lion’s throne, swiftly grasp the sword of the seers, forged by wisdom, of awesome might, and swiftly break Māra and his army? When will it be?

§6Oh, when will I be seen in the assemblies with those who are virtuous, unaffected, respecting the Dhamma, seeing things as they are, with faculties subdued? When will it be?

§7Oh, when will I focus on my heart’s goal at the Mountainfold, free of oppression by laziness, hunger, thirst, wind, heat, bugs, and reptiles? When will it be?

§8Oh, when will I, serene and mindful, understand the four truths, that were realized by the great seer, and are so very hard to see? When will it be?

§9Oh, when will I, devoted to serenity, see with understanding the infinite sights, sounds, smells, tastes, touches, and ideas as burning? When will it be?

§10Oh, when will I not be distraught because of criticism, nor elated because of praise? When will it be?

§11Oh, when will I discern the aggregates and the infinite varieties of phenomena, those interior and exterior, as no more than wood, grass, and creepers? When will it be?

§12Oh, when will the monsoon clouds in season freshly wet me in my robe in the forest, walking the path trodden by the seers? When will it be?

§13Oh, when will I rise up, intent on attaining freedom from death, hearing, in the mountain cave, the cry of the crested peacock in the forest? When will it be?

§14Oh, when will I cross by psychic power unobstructed the Ganges, Yamunā, and Sarasvatī; and that place where one is thrown in the abyss, the horrifying Mare’s Mouth? When will it be?

§15Oh, when will I be devoted to absorption, shunning all the signs of beauty, splitting apart desire for sensual stimulation, like an elephant that wanders free of ties? When will it be?

§16Oh, when will I realize the teaching of the great seer and be content, like a pauper in debt harassed by creditors, who finds a hidden treasure? When will it be?

§17For many years you begged me, “Enough of living in a house for you!” Why do you not urge me on, mind, now that I’ve gone forth as an ascetic?

§18Didn’t you entice me, mind: “On the Mountainfold, the birds with colorful wings, greeting the thunder, Mahinda’s voice, will delight you as you meditate in the forest?”

§19In my family circle, friends, loved ones, and relatives; and in the world, sports and play, and sensual pleasures; all these I gave up when I entered this life: and even then you’re not content with me, mind!

§20This is mine alone, it doesn’t belong to others; when it is time to don your armor, why lament? Observing that all this is unstable, I went forth, seeking the state free of death.

§21He whose words are well-composed , supreme among people, great physician, guide for those who wish to train, said: “The mind fidgets like a monkey, so it’s very hard to control if you are not free of lust.”

§22Sensual pleasures are diverse, sweet, delightful; an ignorant ordinary person is bound to them. Seeking to be reborn again, they wish for suffering; led on by their mind, they’re banished to hell.

§23“Staying in the grove resounding with cries of peacocks and herons, and adorned by leopards and tigers, abandon concern for the body, without fail!” So you used to urge me, mind.

§24“Develop the absorptions and spiritual faculties, the powers, awakening factors, and immersion; realize the three knowledges in the teaching of the Buddha!” So you used to urge me, mind.

§25“Develop the eightfold path to realize freedom from death emancipating, its objective being the end of all suffering, and cleansing all defilements!” So you used to urge me, mind.

§26“Reflect rationally on the aggregates as suffering, and abandon that from which suffering arises; make an end of suffering in this very life!” So you used to urge me, mind.

§27“Rationally discern that impermanence is suffering, that emptiness is non-self, and that gloom is death. Uproot the wandering mind!” So you used to urge me, mind.

§28“Bald, unsightly, accursed, seek alms amongst families, bowl in hand. Devote yourself to the word of the teacher, the great seer!” So you used to urge me, mind.

§29“Wander the streets well-restrained, mentally unchained to families and sensual pleasures, like the full moon on a bright night!” So you used to urge me, mind.

§30“Be a wilderness-dweller and an alms-eater, one who lives in charnel grounds, a rag-robe wearer, one who never lies down, always delighting in ascetic practices.” So you used to urge me, mind.

§31Mind, when you urge me to the impermanent and unstable, you’re acting like someone who plants trees, then, when they’re about to fruit, wishes to cut down the very same trees.

§32Incorporeal mind, far-traveler, lone-wanderer: I won’t do your bidding any more. Sensual pleasures are suffering, painful, and very dangerous; I’ll wander with my mind focused only on extinguishment.

§33I didn’t go forth due to bad luck or shamelessness, or due to a whim or banishment, nor for the sake of a livelihood; it was because I agreed to the promise you made, mind.

§34“Having few wishes, abandoning disparagement, the settling of suffering: these are praised by true persons.” So you used to urge me, mind, but now you keep on with your old habits!

§35Craving, ignorance, the loved and unloved, pretty sights, pleasant feelings, and the delightful kinds of sensual stimulation: I’ve vomited them up, I can’t swallow them back.

§36I’ve done your bidding everywhere, mind! For many births, I’ve done nothing to upset you. Yet the creation in myself is because of your ingratitude—for a long time I’ve transmigrated in the suffering you’ve made.

§37Only you, mind, make a brahmin; you make an aristocrat or a royal seer. Sometimes we become peasants or menials; and life as a god is also on account of you.

§38You alone make us titans; because of you we’re born in hell. Then sometimes we become animals, and life as a ghost is also on account of you.

§39Come what may, you won’t betray me again, dazzling me with your ever-changing display! You play with me like I’m mad—but how have I ever failed you, mind?

§40In the past my mind wandered how it wished, where it liked, as it pleased. Now I’ll carefully guide it, as a trainer with a hook guides a rutting elephant.

§41The teacher willed that this world appear to me as impermanent, unstable, insubstantial. Mind, let me leap into the victor’s teaching, carry me over the great flood, so hard to pass.

§42Things have changed, mind! Nothing could make me return to your control! I’ve gone forth in the teaching of the great seer, those like me don’t come to ruin.

§43Mountains, oceans, rivers, the earth; the four quarters, the intermediate directions, below and in the sky; the three realms of existence are all impermanent and harried—where can you go to find happiness, mind?

§44Mind, what will you do to someone who has made the ultimate commitment? Nothing could make me a follower under your control, mind; I’d never touch a bellows with a mouth open at each end; curse this mortal frame flowing with nine streams!

§45You’ve ascended the mountain peak, full of nature’s beauty, frequented by boars and antelopes, a grove sprinkled with fresh water in the monsoon; and there you’ll be happy in your cave-home.

§46Peacocks with beautiful necks and crests, colorful tail-feathers and wings, crying out at the resounding thunder: they’ll delight you as you meditate in the forest.

§47When the heavens have rained, and the grass is four inches high, and the grove is full of flowers like a cloud, between the mountains, like the fork of a tree, I’ll lie; it will be as soft as cotton-buds.

§48I’ll act rather as a master does: let whatever I get be enough for me. And that’s why I’ll make you as supple as a tireless worker makes a cat-skin bag.

§49I’ll act rather as a master does: let whatever I get be enough for me. I’ll control you with my energy, as a skilled trainer controls an elephant with a hook.

§50Now that you’re well-tamed and reliable, I can use you, like a trainer uses a straight-running horse, to practice the path of grace, cultivated by those who take care of their minds.

§51I shall strongly fasten you to a meditation subject, as an elephant is tied to a post with firm rope. You’ll be well-guarded by me, well-developed by mindfulness, and unattached to rebirth in all states of existence.

§52With wisdom you’ll cut short the one following the wrong path, curb them by meditation, and settle them on the right path. Having seen arising and passing away with respect to the cause of suffering, you’ll be an heir to the greatest teacher.

§53Under the sway of the four distortions, mind, you dragged me around like a bull in a pit; but now you won’t associate with the great sage of compassion, the cutter of fetters and bonds?

§54Like a deer roaming free in the colorful forest, I’ll ascend the lovely mountain wreathed in monsoon clouds, and rejoice to be on that hill, free of folk—there is no doubt you’ll perish, mind.

§55The men and women who live under your will and command, whatever pleasure they experience, they are ignorant and fall under Māra’s control; loving life, they’re your disciples, mind.

· · ·

Self-check quiz

Ten questions. Click an answer to see immediate feedback. No score is recorded — this is for your own checking.

Question 1 of 10
How much of the Book of the Fifties does this poem cover?
Correct: C. The smallest single-poem book, alongside Book 18 (Mahākassapa).
Question 2 of 10
What refrain closes each verse of the poem's opening sixteen-verse litany?
Correct: D. Sixteen verses of yearning, before the poem shifts entirely at verse seventeen.
Question 3 of 10
What does the poem do from verse seventeen onward that is unique in scale among this collection?
Correct: A. No other poem in this collection sustains this kind of address to the mind for this long.
Question 4 of 10
What accusation does Tālapuṭa make against his own mind?
Correct: B. 'For many years you begged me, mind... now that I've gone forth as an ascetic, why do you not urge me on?'
Question 5 of 10
What teaching, attributed to the Buddha, is quoted within the poem at verse 21?
Correct: C. The same underlying concern already treated in general terms in this site's own Dhammapada Chapter 3, The Mind.
Question 6 of 10
What image does verse thirty-one use to accuse the mind of inconsistency?
Correct: D. Following a long section quoting the mind's own past promises back at it.
Question 7 of 10
What extraordinary claim do verses thirty-seven and thirty-eight make about the mind?
Correct: A. Every realm of Buddhist cosmology, in this account, traces back to the workings of a single untamed mind.
Question 8 of 10
What similes describe the poem's closing shift from accusation to mastery over the mind?
Correct: B. Reclaiming the same mountain and forest imagery from the opening litany, but now under his own control.
Question 9 of 10
What striking refusal does Tālapuṭa state — 'I'd never touch a...'?
Correct: C. One of the poem's most vivid single images for refusing to be controlled any longer.
Question 10 of 10
What does the poem's final verse conclude about people who live under the mind's will?
Correct: D. The entire fifty-five-verse argument closes on a diagnosis of everyone still ruled by an untamed mind.
Answered 0 of 10 · Correct 0