Theragatha · 3.11

Upāli

Upāli — The Book of the Threes · Chapter One · Poem 11 of 16

Setting
General teaching for the newly ordained, without a translated attribution
Speaker
Upāli, teaching newly gone-forth monks
Form
Three four-line verses, each opening with the same repeated couplet
Length
under 1 minute to read
Northern parallel
This reading guide does not assert a specific matching text for this poem in other Buddhist literatures.
Difficulty
★☆☆☆☆ — plain, repetitive teaching

Why this text

Three times over, Upāli names one newly gone forth out of faith — then completes the thought differently each time: mixing with spiritual friends, training in monastic discipline, and being skilled in what is and isn't appropriate, to wander undistracted.

Reading guide

A second full-refrain poem in this book

Every verse opens with the identical couplet: ‘saddhāya abhinikkhamma, navapabbajito navo’, ‘one newly gone forth, who has left their home out of faith’. This is the second poem in the Book of the Threes built this way, after Thag 3.4 (Dhaniya) earlier in this chapter — confirming the device is a recurring structural choice in this book, not a one-off.

Three completions, addressed to the newly ordained

The first verse completes the refrain with advice on company: mix with ‘spiritual friends, who are tireless and pure of livelihood’. The second turns to training in monastic discipline (vinaya) as a mendicant within the Saṅgha. The third names skill in ‘what is appropriate and what is not’, closing on wandering ‘undistracted’.

A name whose specialty this site already confirms

This site's own AN 1.219–234, §228, names Upāli foremost among those who have memorized the monastic law (vinayadhara) — the same figure remembered as reciting the discipline at the first council, as Ānanda recited the discourses. This poem's second verse, urging a newly ordained monk to ‘train in monastic discipline’, fits that specialty closely enough that this reading guide treats the two as very plausibly the same Upāli — though, as always, no comment on this specific poem confirms it.

Key terms

saddhāya abhinikkhamma — “gone forth out of faith” — the first half of the poem's three-times-repeated refrain.
navapabbajito navo — “newly gone forth” — the second half of the same refrain.
suddhājīve atandite — “tireless and pure of livelihood” — the quality sought in spiritual friends, in the first verse.
sikkhetha vinayaṁ budho — “being wise, would train in monastic discipline” — the second verse's completion of the refrain.
kappākappesu kusalo — “skilled in what is appropriate and what is not” — the quality named in the third verse.

The text

The text in full: three verses, with no separate attribution line in this chapter. Translation: Bhikkhu Sujato (CC0, SuttaCentral).

§1One newly gone forth, who has left their home out of faith, should mix with spiritual friends, who are tireless and pure of livelihood.

§2One newly gone forth, who has left their home out of faith, a mendicant staying in the Saṅgha, being wise, would train in monastic discipline.

§3One newly gone forth, who has left their home out of faith, skilled in what is appropriate and what is not, would wander undistracted.

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Self-check quiz

Ten questions. Click an answer to see immediate feedback. No score is recorded — this is for your own checking.

Question 1 of 10
What structural device does this poem share with Thag 3.4 (Dhaniya)?
Correct: C. The second full-refrain poem found in this book so far.
Question 2 of 10
What does the first verse's refrain complete with?
Correct: A. Mitte bhajeyya kalyāṇe.
Question 3 of 10
What does the second verse's refrain complete with?
Correct: D. Sikkhetha vinayaṁ budho.
Question 4 of 10
What does the third verse's refrain complete with?
Correct: A. Kappākappesu kusalo, careyya apurakkhato.
Question 5 of 10
What does AN 1.219–234 §228 already confirm about a monk named Upāli, on this site?
Correct: B. Vinayadhara — remembered for reciting the discipline at the first council.
Question 6 of 10
How closely does this poem's content match that specialty?
Correct: C. A content match beyond the name alone, though still not comment-confirmed.
Question 7 of 10
Is the identification with the famous Upāli confirmed by a comment on this specific poem?
Correct: B. The usual caution applied to this collection's signature-name cases.
Question 8 of 10
What does 'suddhājīve atandite' mean?
Correct: C. The quality sought in spiritual friends, per the first verse.
Question 9 of 10
What does 'kappākappesu kusalo' mean?
Correct: D. Named in the third verse's completion of the refrain.
Question 10 of 10
Where does this poem fall in the Book of the Threes?
Correct: D. Following Aṅgaṇikabhāradvāja through Sāṭimattiya.
Answered 0 of 10 · Correct 0