Theragatha · 4.4

Nandaka (2nd)

Nandaka (2nd) — The Book of the Fours · Chapter One · Poem 4 of 12

Setting
A direct address to the speaker's own body, without a translated attribution
Speaker
Nandaka (2nd), distinct from Thag 2.27's Nandaka in the Book of the Twos
Form
Four four-line verses — a curse, a self-correction, a warning about fools, and a description of the free
Length
under 1 minute to read
Northern parallel
This reading guide does not assert a specific matching text for this poem in other Buddhist literatures.
Difficulty
★★☆☆☆ — vivid opening, a subtle turn

Why this text

‘Curse you mortal frame, you stink!’ Nandaka opens, addressing his own body directly — then catches the thought before it goes too far: don't disparage the Realized Ones either, whose bodies exist without arousing them. What actually separates the aroused from the free, the poem argues, is greed, hate, and delusion, not the body itself.

Reading guide

A body, cursed directly

The opening verse addresses the body as an adversary, in terms as blunt as this collection offers: ‘you stink’, ‘you're on Māra's side, you fester!’, its ‘nine streams... flowing all the time’. This joins Thag 2.47 (Anūpama)'s direct address to the mind as a second instance of this collection scolding a part of the self as if it were an opponent — there the mind, here the body.

A correction, before the curse goes too far

The second verse turns unexpectedly: ‘don't think much of mortal frames; don't disparage the Realized Ones’. Even Buddhas have bodies, but ‘they're not even aroused by heaven, let alone by humans’ — the poem catches its own rhetoric before it slides into disparaging embodiment as such, redirecting toward what actually matters.

The real dividing line: what's inside, not the body itself

The closing two verses draw the distinction plainly: fools ‘shrouded in delusion’ are ‘aroused by bodies, when Māra has laid down the snare’, while those in whom ‘greed, hate, and ignorance have faded away’ are not aroused at all, having ‘cut the strings, unbound’. The body is not the problem; what remains unresolved within is.

Key terms

dhiratthu — “curse you” — the poem's blunt opening address to the body.
navasotāni — “nine streams” — the body's constant flows, named in the first verse.
mā sādesi tathāgate — “don't disparage the Realized Ones” — the poem's self-correction in the second verse.
mārakhittamhi bandhane — “when Māra has laid down the snare” — the trap that catches the deluded, in the third verse.
chinnasuttā abandhanā — “they've cut the strings, unbound” — the poem's closing description of those free of greed, hate, and delusion.

The text

The text in full: four verses, with no separate attribution line in this chapter. Translation: Bhikkhu Sujato (CC0, SuttaCentral).

§1Curse you mortal frame, you stink! You’re on Māra’s side, you fester! O body, you have nine streams that are flowing all the time.

§2Don’t think much of mortal frames; don’t disparage the Realized Ones. They’re not even aroused by heaven, let alone by humans.

§3But those who are fools and simpletons, with bad advisors, shrouded in delusion, that kind of person is aroused by bodies, when Māra has laid down the snare.

§4Those in whom greed, hate, and ignorance have faded away; such people are not aroused by bodies, they’ve cut the strings, unbound.

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Self-check quiz

Ten questions. Click an answer to see immediate feedback. No score is recorded — this is for your own checking.

Question 1 of 10
How does the poem open?
Correct: B. 'Curse you mortal frame, you stink!'
Question 2 of 10
What earlier poem in this collection also directly addresses a part of the self?
Correct: A. There the mind is addressed; here, the body.
Question 3 of 10
How does the second verse correct the opening curse?
Correct: C. Even Buddhas' bodies exist without arousing them.
Question 4 of 10
What does the poem say fools are caught by?
Correct: D. Tādisā tattha rajjanti, mārakhittamhi bandhane.
Question 5 of 10
What does the poem identify as the real dividing line between the aroused and the free?
Correct: C. Not the body itself, but what remains unresolved within.
Question 6 of 10
How does this poem's title distinguish its speaker?
Correct: D. Thag 2.27's Nandaka compared himself to a stumbling thoroughbred; this poem addresses the body directly.
Question 7 of 10
What does 'navasotāni' mean?
Correct: A. The body's constant flows, named in the first verse.
Question 8 of 10
What does 'chinnasuttā abandhanā' mean?
Correct: B. The poem's closing description of those free of greed, hate, and delusion.
Question 9 of 10
Are those free of greed, hate, and delusion described as aroused by bodies?
Correct: C. Tādī tattha na rajjanti.
Question 10 of 10
Where does this poem fall in the Book of the Fours?
Correct: D. Following Nāgasamāla, Bhagu, and Sabhiya.
Answered 0 of 10 · Correct 0