Theragatha · 8.3

Mahāpanthaka

Mahāpanthaka — The Book of the Eights · Chapter One · Poem 3 of 3

Setting
A first encounter with the Buddha, followed by renunciation and practice
Speaker
Mahāpanthaka, closing this book's single chapter
Form
Eight four-line verses, in clear chronological sequence
Length
under 1 minute to read
Northern parallel
This reading guide does not assert a specific matching text for this poem in other Buddhist literatures.
Difficulty
★★☆☆☆ — plain vocabulary, one culturally specific simile worth pausing on

Why this text

‘Anyone who, having found such a Teacher, would lose them again, is like one who, when approached by Lady Luck, would ward her off with their hands and feet,’ Mahāpanthaka says of his own decision to go forth — an image Sujato's comment traces back through a specific Vedic folk custom, closing the Book of the Eights on both a vivid simile and this collection's second exact-matching closing tally in a row.

Reading guide

Warding off Lady Luck: a comment worth reading in full

Sujato's comment on the second verse identifies ‘Siri’ as the deity later known as the goddess of fortune, and traces an old custom — found in Atharva Veda 7.115, ‘Fly away wicked Lakṣmī, vanish, fly hence’ — of physically warding off ill fortune while retaining good fortune when 101 personified Lakṣmīs were believed to attach to a newborn. The comment is careful to distinguish two different kinds of connection: it finds ‘no close verbal parallel’ directly linking this poem to the Vedic passage, but concludes the Pali ‘draws from a more general cultural awareness’ rather than quoting a specific text — a methodological distinction this reading guide preserves rather than collapsing into a single claim of direct borrowing.

A vivid simile serving an unexpected point

The image itself is almost comic — someone physically fending off good fortune arriving at their door — but Mahāpanthaka uses it to describe something entirely serious: the folly of finding a teacher like the Buddha and then failing to hold onto that opportunity. The simile's humor sharpens, rather than softens, its warning.

A conventional renunciation, then a specific final vow

The third and fourth verses narrate an ordinary going-forth — leaving family and wealth, cutting hair and beard — before the fifth verse names a single, specific resolve: ‘I wouldn't sit down, not even for a short while, until the dart of craving was plucked’. This determined, almost stubborn vow gives the otherwise conventional narrative its own individual shape.

A brother's more famous story, still to come

Mahāpanthaka's own poem makes no mention of it, but the wider canon remembers him alongside his younger brother Cūḷapanthaka, whose own struggle to learn even a single verse, and eventual breakthrough through a simple physical task, became one of early Buddhism's best-known stories. Cūḷapanthaka's own verses lie ahead in this collection's Book of the Tens, not yet reached; this reading guide notes the connection without linking forward to a page not yet written.

Closing the Book of the Eights, a second exact tally

This single-chapter book closes, like the Threes through Sevens, moving directly from Mahāpanthaka's own self-naming to ‘Aṭṭhakanipāto niṭṭhito’, ‘the Book of the Eights is concluded’, with no separate chapter marker. The Tatruddāna names all three elders — Mahākaccāyana, Sirimitta, Mahāpanthaka, each given the single epithet ‘thero’ — and states ‘twenty-four verses’ without a separate elder-count figure; three poems of eight verses each is exactly twenty-four, matching cleanly and continuing directly from the Book of the Sevens' own exact match.

Key terms

Siriṅ... pādehi — “Lady Luck... with their hands and feet” — the folk image of physically warding off good fortune, discussed at length in Sujato's comment.
puttadārañca, dhanadhaññañca chaḍḍayiṅ — “I left behind my children and wives, my riches and my grain” — the third verse's account of renunciation.
na nisīde muhuttampi — “I wouldn't sit down, not even for a short while” — the specific, determined vow of the fifth verse.
taṇhāsalle anūhate — “until the dart of craving was plucked” — the condition attached to that vow.
Aṭṭhakanipāto niṭṭhito — “the Book of the Eights is concluded” — this book's sole closing marker, with no separate chapter-level marker preceding it.

The text

The text in full: eight verses, with no separate attribution line in this chapter. Translation: Bhikkhu Sujato (CC0, SuttaCentral).

§1When I first saw the Teacher who fears nothing from any quarter, I was struck with a sense of urgency, seeing the supreme among men.

§2Anyone who, having found such a Teacher, would lose them again, is like one who, when approached by Lady Luck, would ward her off with their hands and feet.

§3Then I left behind my children and wives, my riches and my grain; I had my hair and beard cut off, and went forth to homelessness.

§4Endowed with the monastic training and livelihood, my sense faculties well-restrained, paying homage to the Buddha, I meditated undefeated.

§5Then a wish occurred to me, my heart’s truest wish: I wouldn’t sit down, not even for a short while, until the dart of craving was plucked.

§6As I meditate like this, see my energy and vigor! I’ve attained the three knowledges, and fulfilled the Buddha’s instructions.

§7I know my past lives, my clairvoyance is clarified; I’m perfected, worthy of offerings, liberated, free of attachments.

§8Then, at the end of the night, as the rising of the sun drew near, all craving was dried up, so I sat down cross-legged.

· · ·

Self-check quiz

Ten questions. Click an answer to see immediate feedback. No score is recorded — this is for your own checking.

Question 1 of 10
What image does the second verse use to describe someone who would lose such a teacher?
Correct: C. An almost comic image serving a serious warning.
Question 2 of 10
What does Sujato's comment identify 'Siri' as?
Correct: D. Later identified with Lakṣmī in Vedic literature.
Question 3 of 10
What distinction does Sujato's comment carefully draw about the Vedic connection?
Correct: A. A methodological distinction this reading guide preserves rather than collapsing into direct borrowing.
Question 4 of 10
What specific vow does the fifth verse name?
Correct: B. A determined, almost stubborn resolve giving the narrative its own individual shape.
Question 5 of 10
What does Mahāpanthaka's poem itself say about his younger brother Cūḷapanthaka?
Correct: C. This reading guide notes the connection without linking forward to Cūḷapanthaka's own verses, not yet reached in this collection.
Question 6 of 10
Where do Cūḷapanthaka's own verses lie in this collection?
Correct: D. A forward-looking note without a link, following this project's established practice.
Question 7 of 10
What marks this book's transition from Mahāpanthaka's own poem to the book's close?
Correct: A. Matching the pattern established in every single-chapter book since the Threes.
Question 8 of 10
What does this book's closing tally state, and how does it compare to its actual content?
Correct: B. Continuing directly from the Book of the Sevens' own exact match.
Question 9 of 10
What epithet does the uddāna give to all three elders in this book?
Correct: C. A uniform pattern, distinct from several earlier books' more varied epithet placements.
Question 10 of 10
What is the running total of poems completed on this site after this poem, out of 264?
Correct: D. 228 + 3 poems in the Book of the Eights.
Answered 0 of 10 · Correct 0