Therigatha · 3.5

Ubbirī

Ubbirī — The Book of the Threes · Poem 5 of 8

Setting
A cremation ground, where Ubbirī grieves her dead daughter
Speaker
Two voices: an unnamed consoler, identified by commentary as the Buddha, then Ubbirī herself in reply
Form
A six-line verse addressed to Ubbirī, followed by two four-line verses in her own voice
Length
under 1 minute to read
Northern parallel
This reading guide does not assert a specific matching text for this poem in other Buddhist literatures.
Difficulty
★★★☆☆ — a dialogue poem built on a name's double meaning

Why this text

This poem opens on a mother crying at a cremation ground for her dead daughter, whose name, Jīvā, means ‘Live’. The unnamed consoler — identified by the ancient commentary, though not by the verse itself, as the Buddha — answers her grief not with abstraction but with a fact of place: eighty-four thousand people, every one of them also named Jīvā, have been cremated at this exact ground. Ubbirī's own reply, in the verses that follow, completes the poem.

Reading guide

A named speaker, but only by commentary

The verse addressed to Ubbirī names no speaker. Bhikkhu Sujato's own note on this poem states plainly: ‘the speaker of this verse... is not named in the text, but the commentary identifies it as the Buddha’ — a distinction this guide preserves rather than collapsing into certainty.

A name turned into a teaching

Ubbirī's grief-cry, quoted back to her, is ‘Live, my dear mother!’ — addressed to her daughter Jīvā, whose name means ‘Live’. The consoler's reply does not dispute her grief but widens it: eighty-four thousand people, ‘all named “Live”’, have been burnt at this very ground — turning a single child's name into a lesson about how ordinary loss is.

An arrow, named and then pulled out

Ubbirī's own reply opens with a physical image for her grief: ‘you have plucked the arrow from me, so hard to see, stuck in the heart’ — grief as a lodged, nearly invisible wound, removed by what she has just heard.

Refuge, taken directly, closing the poem

Where earlier poems in this book close on formulas about craving ended or future lives finished, Ubbirī's own closing words are different: ‘I go for refuge to that sage, the Buddha, to his teaching, and to the Sangha’ — an explicit statement of the Triple Refuge, plainly spoken rather than implied.

Key terms

Ubbirī — this poem's grieving mother, whose reply forms this poem's second and third verses.
Jīvā — “Live” — the name of Ubbirī's dead daughter, and of eighty-four thousand others cremated at the same ground.
Āṝāhana — the cremation ground where this poem is set, named directly in the consoling verse.
sallaṁ — “the arrow” — Ubbirī's own image for her grief, described as ‘plucked out’ by the teaching she has just heard.
parinibbutā — “quenched” — Ubbirī's own closing self-description, punning on the word for full extinguishment.

The text

The text in full: a consoling verse addressed to Ubbirī, followed by her own two verses in reply. Translation: Bhikkhu Sujato (CC0, SuttaCentral).

§1“You cry ‘Live, my dear mother!’ in the forest. Ubbirī, get a hold of yourself! Eighty-four thousand people, all named ‘Live’, have been burnt in this funeral ground: which one do you grieve for?”

§2“Oh! For you have plucked the arrow from me, so hard to see, stuck in the heart. You’ve swept away the grief for my daughter in which I once was mired.

§3Today I’ve plucked the arrow, I’m hungerless, quenched. I go for refuge to that sage, the Buddha, to his teaching, and to the Sangha.”

· · ·

Self-check quiz

Ten questions. Click an answer to see immediate feedback. No score is recorded — this is for your own checking.

Question 1 of 10
What is Ubbirī doing at the start of this poem?
Correct: B. The poem opens on her cry of grief for her daughter.
Question 2 of 10
What does Ubbirī's daughter's name, Jīvā, mean?
Correct: D. The double meaning at the center of this poem's teaching.
Question 3 of 10
Who is identified as the speaker of the poem's opening verse?
Correct: A. This guide preserves Sujato's own hedge rather than asserting certainty.
Question 4 of 10
How many people does the speaker say share the name 'Live', all cremated at this ground?
Correct: A. 'Eighty-four thousand people, all named ‘Live’, have been burnt in this funeral ground.'
Question 5 of 10
What image does Ubbirī use for her own grief in her reply?
Correct: C. Grief as a lodged wound, now described as removed.
Question 6 of 10
What does Ubbirī say has happened to that arrow by the poem's end?
Correct: D. 'Today I've plucked the arrow, I'm hungerless, quenched.'
Question 7 of 10
What does 'parinibbutā' mean, as Ubbirī applies it to herself?
Correct: B. Her own self-description at the poem's turning point.
Question 8 of 10
How does this poem close?
Correct: C. A plainly spoken statement of the Triple Refuge, distinct from this book's other closing formulas.
Question 9 of 10
What structural feature makes this poem distinct within the Book of the Threes so far?
Correct: A. The book's first two-speaker poem, opening with a verse addressed to its subject.
Question 10 of 10
What does 'Āḷāhana' name?
Correct: D. Named directly in the consoling verse as the site of eighty-four thousand cremations.
Answered 0 of 10 · Correct 0