Udāna · Heartfelt Sayings 2.6

The Pregnant Woman

Gabbhinīsutta

Setting
Sāvatthī, in Jeta’s Grove, Anāthapiṇḍika’s monastery
Speaker
The Buddha, upon seeing a wanderer in agony during his alms round (no dialogue passes between them in the text)
Occasion
A wanderer’s pregnant wife repeatedly demands oil for her delivery; his plan to drink it at a king’s storehouse and bring it home fails badly, leaving him in severe pain
Form
An extended narrative, the longest so far in this chapter apart from Ud 2.8, closing with a four-line verse
Length
About 2–3 minutes to read
Difficulty
★★☆☆☆ — an uncomfortable, almost darkly comic scenario

Why this heartfelt saying, sixth of the chapter

A pregnant wife, a husband cornered by an impossible request, and a plan involving a king’s storehouse of free oil that goes about as badly as such plans usually do. What the Buddha says on seeing the aftermath echoes almost word for word a saying just two entries earlier in this same chapter — with one difference that matters.

Reading guide

A request repeated three times

The story here has an almost folk-tale rhythm to it: a wanderer’s young wife, pregnant and near her time, asks him three times, in identical words, to bring oil for her delivery — “Go, brahmin, bring oil for my delivery” — and three times he asks, reasonably enough, where he’s even supposed to get it. There’s no meanness in the exchange; it reads as an ordinary, escalating domestic pressure.

A loophole, badly used

The wanderer knows of one place oil is freely available: King Pasenadi’s storehouse gives “ghee and oil… to any ascetic or brahmin,” but only to drink there, not to carry away. He hits on a plan that solves the letter of the restriction while ignoring what it obviously implies: drink as much oil as he can at the storehouse, then go home and bring it back up so his wife can use it. The plan fails immediately and badly — once home, he can neither vomit the oil up nor pass it, and is left “suffering painful, sharp, severe, acute feelings,” rolling on the ground.

Seen, not spoken to

When the Buddha, walking for alms, sees him in this state, there’s no conversation. The wanderer doesn’t ask for help and the Buddha doesn’t offer any diagnosis or remedy; the text moves straight to the heartfelt saying, “understanding this matter,” as the man writhes in agony.

The heartfelt saying. “Oh! How happy are those with nothing! Hence knowledge masters are people with nothing. See how troubled are those with attachments, a person bound tight to people.”

The second and fourth lines echo Ud 2.5 almost word for word (“see how troubled are those with attachments, a person bound tight to people”), but this verse’s own opening line is sharper — an exclamation, “Oh!,” rather than a flat statement. It’s hard not to read that as fitting: the scene that provokes it is far more visibly, physically painful than a lay follower’s mere delay in visiting.

What “attachment” produced here

It would be easy to read this as simply a story about a foolish decision, and on one level it is — the plan to drink and vomit oil is bad judgement, plainly. But the verse doesn’t diagnose the man’s error as poor planning; it locates the deeper cause in being “bound tight to people” (paṭibandhacitta, “tied in mind to people”) — his wife’s demand, his own devotion to meeting it by any means necessary, driving him to a plan that predictably backfires on his own body. The comedy and the pain of the scene are both real; the verse reads through both to the entanglement underneath.

Key terms

gabbhinī — “a pregnant woman,” giving the discourse its title.
paribbājaka — “wanderer,” the ascetic husband at the center of the story, not a follower of the Buddha’s own order.
koṭṭhāgāra — “storehouse,” specifically King Pasenadi’s storehouse where oil and ghee are freely given to ascetics and brahmins, but only to drink on the spot.
akiñcana — “one with nothing,” repeated from Ud 2.5, again meaning free of attachment.
paṭibandhacitta — “tied/bound in mind [to people],” the verse’s closing image, echoing but not identical to Ud 2.5’s paṭibandharūpo.

The text

The heartfelt saying in full: three requests, a failed plan, and the Buddha’s reply. Translation: Bhikkhu Sujato (CC0, SuttaCentral).

§1.1–1.5So I have heard. At one time the Buddha was staying near Sāvatthī in Jeta’s Grove, Anāthapiṇḍika’s monastery. Now at that time a certain wanderer had a young brahmin wife who was pregnant and about to give birth. She said to him, “Go, brahmin, bring oil for my delivery.”

§2.1–2.8The wanderer said, “But where, my dear, can I get oil?” For a second time, she said, “Go, brahmin, bring oil for my delivery.” For a second time, the wanderer said, “But where, my dear, can I get oil?” For a third time, she said, “Go, brahmin, bring oil for my delivery.”

§3.1Now at that time ghee and oil were being given away to any ascetic or brahmin at the storehouse of King Pasenadi of Kosala. But it was only to drink there, not to take away.

§4.1–4.3Knowing this, the wanderer thought, “Why don’t I go to the king’s storehouse, drink as much oil as I can, then come home and throw it up so it can be used for the delivery?”

§5.1–5.2Then he did just that. But when he got home he was unable to either bring it up or pass it out. He rolled to and fro, suffering painful, sharp, severe, acute feelings.

§6.1–6.2Then the Buddha robed up in the morning and, taking his bowl and robe, entered Sāvatthī for alms. He saw the wanderer in agony.

§7.1Then, understanding this matter, on that occasion the Buddha expressed this heartfelt sentiment:

§8.1–8.4“Oh! How happy are those with nothing! Hence knowledge masters are people with nothing. See how troubled are those with attachments, a person bound tight to people.”

· · ·

Self-check quiz

Ten questions. Click an answer to see immediate feedback. No score is recorded — this is for your own checking.

Question 1 of 10
What does the pregnant wife repeatedly ask her husband to bring?
Correct: B. "Go, brahmin, bring oil for my delivery" is repeated three times.
Question 2 of 10
How many times does she make this request before he acts?
Correct: C. The request and his puzzled reply are each repeated three times.
Question 3 of 10
Where can the wanderer get oil for free, and what's the catch?
Correct: B. This restriction is exactly what drives his flawed plan.
Question 4 of 10
What plan does the wanderer come up with?
Correct: B. This ill-conceived plan is the story's turning point.
Question 5 of 10
What happens when he tries to carry out this plan?
Correct: B. The plan fails badly, leaving him in agony.
Question 6 of 10
How does the Buddha encounter the wanderer?
Correct: B. The Buddha simply observes the scene during his ordinary alms round.
Question 7 of 10
According to the heartfelt saying, who is happy?
Correct: B. The verse opens with this exclamation about those unattached.
Question 8 of 10
What does the verse say about "those with attachments"?
Correct: B. This closing image echoes Ud 2.5's verse almost exactly.
Question 9 of 10
How does this verse's second and fourth lines relate to Ud 2.5 (A Lay Follower)?
Correct: B. The reading guide notes this close echo between the two discourses.
Question 10 of 10
Does the reading guide treat this story as simply about one man's bad planning?
Correct: B. The reading guide draws this deeper reading out explicitly.
Answered 0 of 10 · Correct 0