Aṅguttara Nikāya · Discourse 10.83

With Puṇṇiya

Puṇṇiyasutta — Theravagga — the ninth chapter of the Tens

Setting
None stated in the source
Speakers
Venerable Puṇṇiya questioning the Buddha
Form
A single question, a ten-step incremental chain, each step building on the last
Length
~2 minutes to read
Difficulty
★★☆☆☆ — a long, carefully incremental structure

Why this discourse

Puṇṇiya asks a question that reframes teaching itself as a two-way relationship: why does the Buddha sometimes feel inspired to teach, and sometimes not? The answer places the responsibility almost entirely on the listener, one necessary step at a time.

Reading guide

The teaching in one sentence

The Realized One feels inspired to teach only when a mendicant has faith and approaches, pays homage, asks questions, actively listens, remembers what they've heard, examines its meaning, practices accordingly, speaks well, and encourages their companions — all ten conditions fulfilled, not merely some of them.

A chain where any single break stops everything

The discourse's structure is unusually strict: it works through the ten conditions one at a time, and at every single point states plainly that the Buddha does not feel inspired to teach if that condition alone is missing, even when every earlier condition in the chain has already been met.

Inspiration to teach as relational, not autonomous

This discourse pushes back against any picture of the Buddha's teaching as simply flowing outward regardless of the audience: whether he feels inspired to teach at all is described as depending step by step on what the listener actually does, right down to whether they later pass the teaching on well to others.

From bare faith to teaching others in turn

The ten-step chain traces an entire arc of receiving a teaching, from the first stirring of faith through approach, respect, inquiry, attentive listening, memory, reflection, and practice, ending only when the listener becomes capable of encouraging their own spiritual companions in turn — the student's growth completing in their own ability to teach.

Key terms

kiṁ nu kho, bhante, hetu, ko paccayo — “what is the cause, what is the reason” — Puṇṇiya's own opening question about the Buddha's variable inspiration to teach.
saddho ca hoti, no ca upasaṅkamitā — “has faith but doesn't approach” — the first broken link in the chain, where inspiration fails even with the very first condition present.
dhammaṁ suṇāti, na dhāreti — “listens to the teaching, but doesn't remember it” — a middle link in the incremental chain.
vācāya samannāgato — “a good speaker who enunciates well” — the penultimate condition, concerning the listener's own eventual capacity to speak.
sabrahmacārī sandasseti samādapeti samuttejeti sampahaṁseti — “educates, encourages, fires up, and inspires their spiritual companions” — the tenth and final condition, completing the full chain.

The text

The discourse in full: Puṇṇiya's question, and the ten-step chain of conditions. Translation: Bhikkhu Sujato (CC0, SuttaCentral).

Puṇṇiya's question

§1Then Venerable Puṇṇiya went up to the Buddha, bowed, sat down to one side, and said to him: “Sir, what is the cause, what is the reason why sometimes the Realized One feels inspired to teach, and other times not?”

Ten conditions, one at a time

§2“Puṇṇiya, when a mendicant has faith but doesn’t approach, the Realized One doesn’t feel inspired to teach. But when a mendicant has faith and approaches, the Realized One feels inspired to teach. When a mendicant has faith and approaches, but doesn’t pay homage … they pay homage, but don’t ask questions … they ask questions, but don’t actively listen to the teaching … they actively listen to the teaching, but don’t remember the teaching they’ve heard … they remember the teaching they’ve heard, but don’t examine the meaning of the teachings they’ve remembered … they examine the meaning of the teachings they’ve remembered, but, not having understood the meaning and the teaching, they don’t practice in line with the principle of the teaching … they practice in line with the teaching, but they’re not a good speaker and do not enunciate well. Their voice is not polished, clear, articulate, and doesn’t express the meaning … They’re a good speaker who enunciates well, but they don’t educate, encourage, fire up, and inspire their spiritual companions. The Realized One doesn’t feel inspired to teach.

All ten fulfilled together

§3But when a mendicant has faith, approaches, pays homage, asks questions, actively listens to the teachings, remembers the teachings, examines the meaning, practices in line with the principle of the teaching, has a good voice, and encourages their spiritual companions, the Realized One feels inspired to teach. When someone possesses these ten qualities, the Realized One feels totally inspired to teach.”

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Self-check quiz

5 questions. Click an answer to see immediate feedback. No score is recorded — this is for your own checking.

Question 1 of 5
What does Puṇṇiya ask the Buddha?
Correct: B. A question reframing teaching as depending on the listener, not just the teacher.
Question 2 of 5
How does the discourse's structure work, according to the guide?
Correct: B. A strict, cumulative chain, not a simple list.
Question 3 of 5
What is the tenth and final condition in the chain?
Correct: B. The listener's growth completing in their own capacity to teach others.
Question 4 of 5
According to the guide, what does this discourse push back against?
Correct: B. Inspiration to teach framed as genuinely relational.
Question 5 of 5
Where is this discourse set?
Correct: D. No location is given for this discourse.
Answered 0 of 5 · Correct 0