Aṅguttara Nikāya · Discourse 10.84

Declaration

Byākaraṇasutta — Theravagga — the ninth chapter of the Tens

Setting
None stated in the source
Speakers
Venerable Mahāmoggallāna, addressing the mendicants
Form
A narrative of interrogation, then a ten-item diagnosis
Length
~2 minutes to read
Difficulty
★★★☆☆ — a psychologically pointed teaching

Why this discourse

Mahāmoggallāna describes what happens when a mendicant wrongly declares themselves enlightened: skilled questioning — from the Buddha himself, or from any disciple able to read another's mind — exposes exactly which unabandoned qualities made the false claim possible in the first place.

Reading guide

The teaching in one sentence

A mendicant who falsely declares enlightenment, when pursued and grilled by a mind-reading investigator, turns out to be irritable, acrimonious, disdainful, contemptuous, jealous, stingy, devious, and deceitful, of corrupt wishes, and to have stopped halfway after a trifling attainment — and growth in the teaching is impossible without giving up every one of these ten.

Investigation as a diagnostic tool, not an accusation

The “grilling” described is not portrayed as hostile interrogation for its own sake: it is a precise diagnostic process, undertaken specifically by someone “skilled in attainments, in the minds of others, and in encompassing another's mind,” aimed at locating exactly which unabandoned quality explains the mismatch between claim and reality.

Anger as the diagnosis's opening thread

The investigation begins by tracing the false declaration to irritability and a heart often full of anger, then follows a chain of closely related interpersonal faults — acrimony, disdain, contempt, jealousy, stinginess, deviousness, deceitfulness — before finally naming corrupt wishes and premature satisfaction as the last two causes.

The first of three parallel investigations

This discourse opens a run of closely related teachings — AN 10.85 and AN 10.86 use the identical narrative structure of pursuit, grilling, and diagnosis, each spoken by a different senior disciple, and each tracing a different false claim back to its own distinct set of ten unabandoned qualities.

Key terms

byākaroti — “declares” — the act of announcing one's own enlightenment, this discourse's own title and central concern.
samanuyuñjati samanuggāhati samanubhāsati — “pursued, pressed, and grilled” — the three-verb description of the investigative process this discourse describes.
paracittapariyāyakusalo — “skilled in encompassing another's mind” — the qualification required of whoever conducts this investigation, echoing AN 10.51's own central skill.
kodhano, kodhapariyuṭṭhitena cetasā bahulaṁ viharati — “irritable, and often lives with a heart full of anger” — the first and opening diagnosis in the investigation.
pāpiccho, icchāpariyuṭṭhitena cetasā bahulaṁ viharati — “of corrupt wishes, and often lives with a heart full of desire” — the penultimate diagnosis, immediately before the final finding of premature satisfaction.

The text

The discourse in full: Mahāmoggallāna's description of investigation and diagnosis. Translation: Bhikkhu Sujato (CC0, SuttaCentral).

A false declaration, investigated

§1“Take a mendicant who declares enlightenment: ‘I understand: “Rebirth is ended, the spiritual journey has been completed, what had to be done has been done, there is nothing further for this place.”’ They’re pursued, pressed, and grilled by the Realized One, or by one of his disciples who is a meditator skilled in attainments, in the minds of others, and in encompassing another’s mind. Grilled in this way they get stuck or lose their way. They fall to ruin and disaster. The Realized One or one of his disciples encompasss their mind and investigates: ‘Why does this venerable declare enlightenment, saying: “I understand: ‘Rebirth is ended, the spiritual journey has been completed, what had to be done has been done, there is nothing further for this place.’?”’ They understand:

Ten unabandoned qualities, diagnosed

§2‘This venerable gets irritable, and often lives with a heart full of anger. But being full of anger means decline in the teaching and training proclaimed by the Realized One. This venerable is acrimonious … prone to disdain … contemptuous … jealous … stingy … devious … deceitful … This venerable has corrupt wishes, and often lives with a heart full of desire. But being full of desire means decline in the teaching and training proclaimed by the Realized One. When there is still more to be done, this venerable stopped half-way after achieving some trifling distinction. But stopping half-way means decline in the teaching and training proclaimed by the Realized One.’

Closing

§3It is quite impossible for a mendicant to achieve growth, improvement, or maturity in this teaching and training without giving up these ten qualities. It is quite possible for a mendicant to achieve growth, improvement, or maturity in this teaching and training after giving up these ten qualities.”

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Self-check quiz

5 questions. Click an answer to see immediate feedback. No score is recorded — this is for your own checking.

Question 1 of 5
What happens when a mendicant falsely declares enlightenment, according to Mahāmoggallāna?
Correct: B. A diagnostic process, not an accusation for its own sake.
Question 2 of 5
What is the first quality the investigation uncovers?
Correct: B. The opening thread of a chain of related interpersonal faults.
Question 3 of 5
According to the guide, how is the "grilling" described in this discourse best understood?
Correct: B. Undertaken by someone specifically skilled in reading minds and attainments.
Question 4 of 5
According to the guide, what does this discourse open within the chapter?
Correct: B. Three parallel investigations, each spoken by a different senior disciple.
Question 5 of 5
Who speaks this discourse?
Correct: B. One of the Buddha's two chief disciples, addressing the assembly directly.
Answered 0 of 5 · Correct 0