Aṅguttara Nikāya · Discourse 9.5

Powers

Balasutta — Sambodhivagga — the first chapter of the Nines

Setting
None stated in the source
Speakers
The Buddha alone, addressing the mendicants
Form
Four powers defined in turn, the fourth expanded into a well-known tetrad of its own, then five fears reflected away one by one
Length
~3 minutes to read
A tetrad within a tetrad
The fourth power, inclusiveness, unpacks into the four standard means of inclusion — giving, kindly words, taking care, and equality — a tetrad well known elsewhere in the canon
Difficulty
★★☆☆☆ — two layered lists, straightforward once distinguished

Why this discourse

Four powers — wisdom, energy, blamelessness, and inclusiveness — are defined in turn, with inclusiveness itself unpacking into the four standard means of inclusion, before the discourse turns to five fears a noble disciple who has these four powers has gotten past: livelihood, disrepute, insecurity in an assembly, death, and bad rebirth.

Reading guide

The teaching in one sentence

A noble disciple who has the four powers of wisdom, energy, blamelessness, and inclusiveness can reflect, for each of five common fears in turn, that only a witless, lazy, blameworthy, or exclusive person would have reason to fear it.

Four powers, defined by function

Wisdom is clear-seeing that sorts qualities as skillful or not; energy is the effort to give up the unskillful and gain the skillful; blamelessness is blameless conduct by body, speech, and mind; inclusiveness is generosity toward others.

A tetrad within a tetrad

Unpacking the fourth power, the discourse names the four standard means of inclusion — giving, kindly words, taking care, and equality — and for each names its best form: the gift of the teaching, repeated Dhamma talk to an engaged listener, grounding others in faith and virtue, and the equality of stream-enterers, once-returners, non-returners, and perfected ones with their own kind.

Five fears, reflected away

For fear of livelihood, disrepute, insecurity in an assembly, death, and bad rebirth in turn, the discourse has the disciple run the same reflection: only someone witless, lazy, blameworthy in conduct, or exclusive of others has reason to fear this — and since none of those descriptions apply, the fear has no footing.

Key terms

paññābala, vīriyabala, anavajjabala, saṅgahabala — “the powers of wisdom, energy, blamelessness, and inclusiveness” — the discourse's own four powers, named at the outset.
cattāri saṅgahavatthūni — “the four ways of being inclusive” — giving, kindly words, taking care, and equality, a standard tetrad unpacked here from the fourth power.
dānānaṁ dhammadānaṁ — “the best of gifts is the gift of the teaching” — the best form named for the first means of inclusion.
samānattatā — “equality” — the fourth means of inclusion, its best form being solidarity among disciples at the same stage of awakening.
pañca bhayāni atikkanto — “has got past five fears” — what a noble disciple with the four powers has accomplished, reflected on one fear at a time.

The text

The discourse in full: four powers, the fourth unpacked into its own tetrad, and five fears reflected away. Translation: Bhikkhu Sujato (CC0, SuttaCentral).

Four powers

§1“Mendicants, there are these four powers. What four? The powers of wisdom, energy, blamelessness, and inclusiveness. And what is the power of wisdom? One has clearly seen and clearly contemplated with wisdom those qualities that are skillful and considered to be skillful; those that are unskillful … blameworthy … blameless … dark … bright … to be cultivated … not to be cultivated … not worthy of the noble ones … worthy of the noble ones and considered to be worthy of the noble ones. This is called the power of wisdom.

§2And what is the power of energy? One generates enthusiasm, tries, makes an effort, exerts the mind, and strives to give up those qualities that are unskillful and considered to be unskillful; those that are blameworthy … dark … not to be cultivated … not worthy of the noble ones and considered to be not worthy of the noble ones. One generates enthusiasm, tries, makes an effort, exerts the mind, and strives to gain those qualities that are skillful and considered to be skillful; those that are blameless … bright … to be cultivated … worthy of the noble ones and considered to be worthy of the noble ones. This is called the power of energy.

§3And what is the power of blamelessness? It’s when a noble disciple has blameless conduct by way of body, speech, and mind. This is called the power of blamelessness.

Inclusiveness, unpacked

§4And what is the power of inclusiveness? There are these four ways of being inclusive. Giving, kindly words, taking care, and equality. The best of gifts is the gift of the teaching. The best sort of kindly speech is to teach the Dhamma again and again to someone who is engaged and who actively listens. The best way of taking care is to encourage, settle, and ground the unfaithful in faith, the unethical in ethics, the stingy in generosity, and the ignorant in wisdom. The best kind of equality is the equality of a stream-enterer with another stream-enterer, a once-returner with another once-returner, a non-returner with another non-returner, and a perfected one with another perfected one. This is called the power of inclusiveness. These are the four powers.

Five fears, reflected away

§5A noble disciple who has these four powers has got past five fears. What five? Fear regarding livelihood, disrepute, feeling insecure in an assembly, death, and bad rebirth. Then that noble disciple reflects: ‘I have no fear regarding livelihood. Why would I be afraid of that? I have these four powers: the powers of wisdom, energy, blamelessness, and inclusiveness. A witless person might fear for their livelihood. A lazy person might fear for their livelihood. Someone who does blameworthy things by way of body, speech, and mind might fear for their livelihood. Someone who does not include others might fear for their livelihood. I have no fear of disrepute … I have no fear about feeling insecure in an assembly … I have no fear of death … I have no fear of a bad rebirth. Why would I be afraid of that? I have these four powers: the powers of wisdom, energy, blamelessness, and inclusiveness. A witless person might be afraid of a bad rebirth. A lazy person might be afraid of a bad rebirth. Someone who does blameworthy things by way of body, speech, and mind might be afraid of a bad rebirth. Someone who does not include others might be afraid of a bad rebirth.’ A noble disciple who has these four powers has got past these five fears.”

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Self-check quiz

6 questions. Click an answer to see immediate feedback. No score is recorded — this is for your own checking.

Question 1 of 6
What are the four powers named at the outset of this discourse?
Correct: B. Each power is then defined in turn by its function.
Question 2 of 6
What four means of inclusion are unpacked from the fourth power?
Correct: A. A standard tetrad well known elsewhere, unpacked here from inclusiveness.
Question 3 of 6
What is named as the best form of giving, among the four means of inclusion?
Correct: B. The discourse names a best form for each of the four means.
Question 4 of 6
What five fears has a disciple with the four powers gotten past?
Correct: B. Each reflected away one at a time using the same reasoning.
Question 5 of 6
What reflection does the disciple use to get past each fear?
Correct: B. The same fourfold reasoning, repeated for each fear in turn.
Question 6 of 6
Is a setting given for this discourse?
Correct: C. A bare formula, unlike the narrative discourses immediately preceding it.
Answered 0 of 6 · Correct 0