Itivuttaka · Discourse 107

Very Helpful

Bahukārasutta

Setting
No narrative frame — no time, place, or listener is named
Speakers
The Buddha, addressing the mendicants collectively
Form
A two-sided statement of mutual help between householders and mendicants, followed by a four-stanza verse
Length
~1 minute to read
Position
8th of 13 discourses in the Chapter on the Brahmin’s Offering of the Teaching, the sole chapter of the Book of the Fours (Iti 100–112)
Difficulty
★☆☆☆☆ — direct and symmetrical in structure

Why this discourse

A discourse about reciprocity rather than dependence. Householders are “very helpful” to mendicants by supplying robes, almsfood, lodging, and medicine; mendicants are, in exactly the same words, “very helpful” to householders by teaching them a Dhamma that is good in the beginning, middle, and end. Neither side is described as simply receiving from the other — the spiritual life itself, the text says, is lived by each side supporting the other.

Reading guide

The teaching in one sentence

“Brahmins and householders are very helpful to you, as they provide you with robes, almsfood, lodgings, and medicines and supplies for the sick. And you are very helpful to brahmins and householders, as you teach them the Dhamma” — two claims, worded identically apart from their direction, describing a single relationship of mutual support.

A relationship stated twice, symmetrically

What stands out structurally is how deliberately even-handed the wording is. The text does not describe householders as donors and mendicants as recipients, full stop; it applies the same word, “very helpful” (bahukāra), to both directions of the exchange, and gives each side a parallel description of what it specifically contributes. Householders give material requisites — robes, almsfood, lodging, medicine for the sick. Mendicants give something categorically different but framed as equally substantial: a Dhamma “good in the beginning, good in the middle, and good in the end, meaningful and well-phrased,” together with “a spiritual practice that’s entirely full and pure.”

What the exchange is actually for

The discourse names its own purpose directly, and it is not merely mutual comfort: “That is how this spiritual path is lived supporting each other in order to cross over the flood and make a complete end of suffering.” The relationship between lay supporters and mendicants is framed here as instrumental to a shared goal — not two separate transactions running in parallel, but one single project, “crossing the flood” (ogha), that neither side is described as capable of completing entirely alone.

Different paths, same refuge

The verse extends the picture past this life. Home-dwellers and the homeless are both said to find “success in the true teaching, the supreme sanctuary from the yoke” (yogakkhema) — the same destination named for both, even though their means of practicing plainly differ. The homeless receive robes and lodging “to shelter from harsh conditions”; householders, “relying on the Holy One,” place faith in the perfected ones and, having practiced the teaching “here,” are said to delight afterward in a heavenly realm. The verse does not claim the two groups end up in an identical place or attain an identical result — only that both, by this same pattern of mutual support, are described as succeeding at what they each set out to do.

Key terms

bahukāra — “very helpful”: applied identically to both householders and mendicants, and the discourse’s own Pāli title.
aññamaññaṁ nissāya — “relying on” or “supporting each other”: the phrase describing how the spiritual path itself is said to be lived.
ogha — “the flood”: what this mutual support is said to be for the sake of crossing.
yogakkhema — “sanctuary from the yoke,” rendered here “the supreme sanctuary from the yoke”: the shared destination named for both householders and mendicants in the verse.
Sugata — “the Holy One” (literally “the Well-Gone”), an epithet of the Buddha, named in the verse as the one householders rely on in placing their faith.

The text

The discourse in full, given complete: the statement of mutual help, and the four-stanza verse that follows. Translation: Bhikkhu Sujato (CC0, SuttaCentral).

§1This was said by the Buddha, the Perfected One: that is what I heard.

§2“Mendicants, brahmins and householders are very helpful to you, as they provide you with robes, almsfood, lodgings, and medicines and supplies for the sick. And you are very helpful to brahmins and householders, as you teach them the Dhamma that’s good in the beginning, good in the middle, and good in the end, meaningful and well-phrased. And you reveal a spiritual practice that’s entirely full and pure. That is how this spiritual path is lived supporting each other in order to cross over the flood and make a complete end of suffering.”

The Buddha spoke this matter. On this it is said:

§3–6“The home-dweller and the homeless, supporting each other, find success in the true teaching, the supreme sanctuary from the yoke. The homeless receive requisites from the home-dwellers: robes and lodgings to shelter from harsh conditions. Relying on the Holy One, layfolk and householders of discernment place faith in the perfected ones, meditators of noble wisdom. Having practiced the teaching here, the path that goes to a good place, they delight in the heavenly realm, enjoying all the pleasures they desire.”

§7This too is a matter that was spoken by the Blessed One: that is what I heard.

· · ·

Self-check quiz

Ten questions. Click an answer to see immediate feedback. No score is recorded — this is for your own checking.

Question 1 of 10
How does this discourse describe the material support brahmins and householders give mendicants?
Correct: B. The exact same phrase used for what mendicants give in return.
Question 2 of 10
What does the discourse say mendicants give to brahmins and householders in return?
Correct: C. A categorically different but parallel form of "very helpful" contribution.
Question 3 of 10
What does the discourse say this mutual support is ultimately for?
Correct: A. Stated directly, naming a shared goal rather than two separate transactions.
Question 4 of 10
According to the verse, what do the "home-dweller and the homeless" find by supporting each other?
Correct: D. Yogakkhema, named as a shared destination for both.
Question 5 of 10
What does the verse say the homeless receive from the home-dwellers, specifically?
Correct: B. Matching the material requisites named in the prose section.
Question 6 of 10
According to the verse, what happens to householders who practice the teaching, relying on the Holy One?
Correct: C. A distinct but still positive outcome named for the lay path.
Question 7 of 10
Does this discourse open with a narrative frame?
Correct: A. As with nearly every discourse in this collection.
Question 8 of 10
What does "ogha," named in the prose section, mean?
Correct: D. The same flood-crossing imagery appears elsewhere in the collection, including Iti 109.
Question 9 of 10
According to the reading guide, what does this discourse's Pāli title, Bahukārasutta, share with Iti 106, immediately before it?
Correct: B. Iti 106 gives the reason parents deserve honor as "bahukāra"; here the same word describes reciprocal help between mendicants and laity.
Question 10 of 10
Where does this discourse fall within the Itivuttaka's Book of the Fours?
Correct: C. It follows Iti 106 and precedes Iti 108.
Answered 0 of 10 · Correct 0