Itivuttaka · Discourse 108

Deceivers

Kuhasutta

Setting
No narrative frame — no time, place, or listener is named
Speakers
The Buddha, addressing the mendicants collectively
Form
Two contrasting character-lists, prose then verse, describing who is and is not truly a follower
Length
<1 minute to read
Position
9th of 13 discourses in the Chapter on the Brahmin’s Offering of the Teaching, the sole chapter of the Book of the Fours (Iti 100–112)
Difficulty
★☆☆☆☆ — a short, sharply worded contrast

Why this discourse

A discourse that draws a hard line inside the monastic community itself. Six qualities of character — deceptive, pompous, flattering, insolent, arrogant, scattered — are enough, the Buddha says, to disqualify someone from counting as his follower at all, regardless of ordination. Six opposite qualities mark those who are genuinely his followers, and who alone are said to actually grow in the teaching and training.

Reading guide

The teaching in one sentence

“Those mendicants who are deceivers and flatterers, pompous and fake, insolent and scattered: those mendicants are no followers of mine” — a plain statement that ordination alone does not make someone a genuine disciple, set directly against “those mendicants who are genuine, not flatterers, attentive, amenable, and serene: those mendicants are followers of mine.”

Disqualified by character, not by robe

What makes this discourse notable is how flatly it withholds the label “follower” (māmaka, literally “mine”) from people who are, institutionally, mendicants in good standing. The six qualities named for the disqualified group — deceivers (kuhā), flatterers (lapā), pompous (thaddhā), fake or self-important (siṅgī), insolent (unnaḷā), scattered or unconcentrated (asamāhitā) — are matters of character and inner conduct, not of doctrine or discipline as such. The text’s judgment is correspondingly severe: such mendicants “have left this teaching and training,” whatever their formal status, “and they don’t achieve growth, improvement, or maturity” in it.

The opposite six

Against this, the text sets a second list, matched trait for trait: genuine rather than deceptive, not given to flattery, attentive (or steady — the text’s “dhīrā” can carry both senses), amenable rather than insolent, and serene rather than scattered. These mendicants “haven’t left this teaching and training, and they do achieve growth, improvement, or maturity” in it. The verse that follows repeats both lists nearly word for word, changing nothing except turning the discourse’s prose claim into a chanted, memorable form — itself a kind of evidence for how central this particular distinction was meant to be.

An internal standard, not an external one

Unlike Iti 103, which redefines who counts as a true ascetic or brahmin against outsiders claiming those titles, this discourse turns the same kind of scrutiny inward, onto people already wearing the robe. Nothing here concerns lay supporters or rival teachers; the entire distinction is drawn among mendicants themselves, and the criterion is not what they know but who they are — whether their outward presentation as sincere trainees is, in fact, genuine.

Key terms

kuha — “a deceiver” or fraud; the first of the disqualifying qualities, and the discourse’s own Pāli title.
lapā — “flatterers” or idle talkers, prone to insincere speech aimed at pleasing others.
unnaḷā — “insolent” or puffed up, literally likened to a hollow reed standing stiff and empty.
asamāhitā / susamāhitā — “scattered, unconcentrated” versus its opposite, “well-concentrated” or serene — the final trait in each of the two matched lists.
māmaka — literally “mine”: the Buddha’s own word for a genuine follower, explicitly withheld from the first group and granted to the second.

The text

The discourse in full, given complete: the two contrasting character-lists in prose, and the verse restating them. Translation: Bhikkhu Sujato (CC0, SuttaCentral).

§1This was said by the Buddha, the Perfected One: that is what I heard.

§2“Mendicants, those mendicants who are deceivers and flatterers, pompous and fake, insolent and scattered: those mendicants are no followers of mine. They’ve left this teaching and training, and they don’t achieve growth, improvement, or maturity in this teaching and training. But those mendicants who are genuine, not flatterers, attentive, amenable, and serene: those mendicants are followers of mine. They haven’t left this teaching and training, and they do achieve growth, improvement, or maturity in this teaching and training.”

The Buddha spoke this matter. On this it is said:

§3–4“Those who are deceivers and flatterers, pompous and fake, insolent and scattered: these don’t grow in the teaching that was taught by the perfected Buddha. But those who are genuine, not flatterers, attentive, amenable, and serene: these do grow in the teaching that was taught by the perfected Buddha.”

§5This too is a matter that was spoken by the Blessed One: that is what I heard.

· · ·

Self-check quiz

Ten questions. Click an answer to see immediate feedback. No score is recorded — this is for your own checking.

Question 1 of 10
What does the Buddha say about mendicants who are "deceivers and flatterers, pompous and fake, insolent and scattered"?
Correct: C. A flat denial of the label "follower," regardless of formal ordination.
Question 2 of 10
What does the discourse say happens to such mendicants in the teaching and training?
Correct: B. Stated as a simple fact about their trajectory, not a formal punishment.
Question 3 of 10
Which of the following describes the mendicants the Buddha does call his followers?
Correct: D. The exact mirror-opposite of the disqualified list.
Question 4 of 10
According to the reading guide, what does "unnaḷā" ("insolent" or puffed up) literally evoke?
Correct: A. The image behind the term as explained in the reading guide.
Question 5 of 10
What does "māmaka," the word for a genuine follower, literally mean?
Correct: C. Explicitly withheld from the deceptive group and granted to the genuine one.
Question 6 of 10
How does the closing verse relate to the opening prose statement?
Correct: B. The verse turns the prose claim into a chanted, memorable form.
Question 7 of 10
Does this discourse open with a narrative frame?
Correct: D. As with nearly every discourse in this collection.
Question 8 of 10
According to the reading guide, how does this discourse's scrutiny differ from Iti 103's?
Correct: A. The reading guide draws this contrast directly.
Question 9 of 10
What is the final trait named in each of the two matched lists?
Correct: C. The concentrated, settled mind closes both lists.
Question 10 of 10
Where does this discourse fall within the Itivuttaka's Book of the Fours?
Correct: B. It follows Iti 107 and precedes Iti 109.
Answered 0 of 10 · Correct 0