Saṃyutta Nikāya · Discourse 10.12

With Āḷavaka

Āḷavakasutta

Setting
Near Āḷavī, in the yakkha Āḷavaka's own domain
Speakers
The native spirit Āḷavaka and the Buddha
Form
A bizarre test of compliance, a violent threat, and an extended, celebrated verse teaching
Length
~5 minutes to read
Northern parallel
A close parallel exists as the Āḷavaka Sutta in the Sutta Nipāta (Sn 1.10), and a rough counterpart may exist in the Chinese Saṃyukta-āgama (T99), though this reading guide does not assert a specific matching sutra number
Difficulty
★★★★★ — the most famous single discourse in this saṃyutta, closing it on a note of complete transformation

Why this discourse

This discourse closes Yakkhasaṃyutta with its most celebrated and dramatic confrontation. Āḷavaka's opening move is genuinely strange: he orders the Buddha out of his dwelling, then back in, four times over, with no explanation given — and the Buddha complies each time without objection, until the fourth command, when he simply refuses and tells Āḷavaka to do as he must. What follows is the same threefold violent threat encountered in SN 10.3, met with the same calm invitation to ask. The philosophical exchange that follows — on wealth, happiness, taste, crossing the flood, and the qualities of a faithful householder — is among the most widely quoted teachings in the entire canon, and it ends not merely in Āḷavaka's conversion but in his own vow to spend his life honoring the Buddha, echoing almost exactly the itinerant devotion Vaṅgīsa described of his own pre-monastic life.

Reading guide

An opening test with no stated purpose

Āḷavaka's repeated in-and-out commands aren't explained or justified anywhere in the text; the Buddha simply complies four times, an unusual display of pure obedience to an apparently arbitrary demand, testing something the discourse never names directly.

Compliance ending not in defiance but in redirection

When the Buddha finally declines the fourth command, he doesn't argue or resist; he simply states he won't leave and invites Āḷavaka to do whatever he intends — a refusal delivered without confrontation.

The identical threat and reply already seen in this saṃyutta

Āḷavaka's threat — insanity, a burst heart, or being thrown across the Ganges — and the Buddha's calm dismissal of it are word-for-word identical to SN 10.3's exchange with Sūciloma, this reading guide notes, a formulaic passage this collection reuses rather than recomposing.

A teaching built entirely from paired questions and answers

The extended exchange doesn't wander; it proceeds through a tightly structured sequence of paired questions and answers — on wealth, happiness, taste, and the best way to live; on crossing the flood, the deluge, suffering, and purification; on gaining wisdom, wealth, reputation, and dying without grief — each answer building toward the final summary of four qualities: truth, principle, steadfastness, and generosity.

A conversion that becomes a vow to wander in devotion

Āḷavaka's closing declaration doesn't simply express gratitude; it commits him to a specific future life — traveling village to village, town to town, honoring the Buddha and the Dhamma — language this reading guide notes as strikingly close to Vaṅgīsa's own description of his pre-monastic wandering in SN 8.12, closing this saṃyutta with an image of devoted itinerancy that echoes the collection's earlier close.

Key terms

nikkhama, samaṇā…pavisa, samaṇā — “get out, ascetic!…get in, ascetic!” — Āḷavaka's bizarre, unexplained repeated command, tested four times over.
cittaṁ vā te khipissāmi, hadayaṁ vā te phālessāmi, pādesu vā gahetvā pāragaṅgāya khipissāmi — “I'll drive you insane, or explode your heart, or grab you by the feet and throw you to the far shore of the Ganges” — the identical threefold threat from SN 10.3, reused here.
saddhīdha vittaṁ purisassa seṭṭhaṁ…paññājīviṁ jīvitamāhu seṭṭhaṁ — “faith is a person's best wealth…the best life is lived by wisdom” — the teaching's celebrated opening answer.
saccaṁ dhammo dhiti cāgo, sa ve pecca na socati — “truth, principle, steadfastness, and generosity …one does not grieve after passing away” — the summarizing fourfold formula for a faithful householder.
so ahaṁ vicarissāmi, gāmā gāmaṁ purā puraṁ; namassamāno sambuddhaṁ — “I myself will journey village to village, town to town, paying homage to the Buddha” — Āḷavaka's closing vow, echoing Vaṅgīsa's own former wandering life described in SN 8.12.

The text

The discourse in full, closing Yakkhasaṃyutta. A passage identical to material already given verbatim in SN 10.3 is elided in the source and is not reconstructed here. The final colophon — the only line of the closing uddāna translated into English in the source — is quoted verbatim below, following this site's established convention for saṃyutta-closing lines. Translation: Bhikkhu Sujato (CC0, SuttaCentral).

§1So I have heard. At one time the Buddha was staying near Āḷavī in the haunt of the native spirit Āḷavaka. Then the native spirit Āḷavaka went up to the Buddha, and said to him: “Get out, ascetic!” Saying, “All right, respectable sir,” the Buddha went out. “Get in, ascetic!” Saying, “All right, respectable sir,” the Buddha went in. And for a second time the native spirit Āḷavaka said to the Buddha, “Get out, ascetic!” Saying, “All right, respectable sir,” the Buddha went out. “Get in, ascetic!” Saying, “All right, respectable sir,” the Buddha went in. And for a third time the native spirit Āḷavaka said to the Buddha, “Get out, ascetic!” Saying, “All right, respectable sir,” the Buddha went out. “Get in, ascetic!” Saying, “All right, respectable sir,” the Buddha went in. And for a fourth time the native spirit Āḷavaka said to the Buddha, “Get out, ascetic!” “No, respectable sir, I won’t get out. Do what you must.”

§2“I will ask you a question, ascetic. If you don’t answer me, I’ll drive you insane, or explode your heart, or grab you by the feet and throw you to the far shore of the Ganges!” “I don’t see anyone in this world with its gods, Māras, and Divinities, this population with its ascetics and brahmins, its gods and humans who could do that to me. But anyway, ask what you wish.”

§3“What’s a person’s best wealth? What brings happiness when practiced well? What’s the sweetest taste of all? The one they say has the best life: how do they live?”

§4“Faith here is a person’s best wealth. The teaching brings happiness when practiced well. Truth is the sweetest taste of all. The one they say has the best life lives by wisdom.”

§5“How do you cross the flood? How do you cross the deluge? How do you get over suffering? How do you get purified?”

§6“By faith you cross the flood, and by diligence the deluge. By energy you get past suffering, and you’re purified by wisdom.”

§7“How do you get wisdom? How do you earn wealth? How do you get a good reputation? How do you hold on to friends? How do the departed not grieve when passing from this world to the next?”

§8“One who is diligent and discerning gains wisdom by wanting to learn, having faith in the perfected ones, and the teaching for becoming extinguished.

§9Being responsible, acting appropriately, and working hard you earn wealth. Truthfulness wins you a good reputation. You hold on to friends by giving. That’s how the departed do not grieve when passing from this world to the next.

§10A faithful householder of discernment who possesses these four qualities does not grieve after passing away: truth, principle, steadfastness, and generosity.

§11Go ahead, ask others as well, there are many ascetics and brahmins. See whether anything better is found than truth, principle, generosity, and patience.”

§12“Why now would I question the many ascetics and brahmins? Today I understand what’s good for the next life.

§13It was truly for my benefit that the Buddha came to stay at Āḷavī. Today I understand where a gift is very fruitful.

§14I myself will journey village to village, town to town, paying homage to the Buddha, and the clear rightness of the teaching!”

§15The Linked Discourses with Native Spirits are complete.

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Self-check quiz

Ten questions. Click an answer to see immediate feedback. No score is recorded — this is for your own checking.

Question 1 of 10
What is Āḷavaka's opening test of the Buddha?
Correct: A. A bizarre, unexplained demand the Buddha complies with each time until the fourth.
Question 2 of 10
How does the Buddha eventually respond to the fourth command?
Correct: A. A refusal delivered calmly, not as defiance.
Question 3 of 10
How does Āḷavaka's threat compare to SN 10.3's Sūciloma?
Correct: A. The same threefold violent threat, reused rather than recomposed.
Question 4 of 10
What does the teaching identify as a person's best wealth?
Correct: A. The opening answer of the extended, celebrated verse sequence.
Question 5 of 10
What four qualities does the summarizing verse name for a faithful householder who doesn't grieve at death?
Correct: A. Saccaṁ dhammo dhiti cāgo — the teaching's culminating fourfold formula.
Question 6 of 10
How does the teaching structure its content?
Correct: A. Wealth, happiness, crossing the flood, and dying without grief, each addressed in turn.
Question 7 of 10
What does Āḷavaka vow to do at the discourse's close?
Correct: A. A specific commitment to a life of devoted wandering.
Question 8 of 10
How does Āḷavaka's closing vow relate to an earlier discourse in this collection?
Correct: A. A striking structural echo this reading guide notes, closing the saṃyutta on transformation.
Question 9 of 10
What does the discourse's closing colophon say, quoted verbatim in the text section?
Correct: A. The only line of the closing uddāna translated into English in the source.
Question 10 of 10
What well-known canonical parallel exists for this discourse?
Correct: A. A close parallel making this among the most widely known texts in this saṃyutta.
Answered 0 of 10 · Correct 0