Saṃyutta Nikāya · Discourse 10.8

With Sudatta

Sudattasutta

Setting
Between Rājagaha and the Cool Grove, before dawn
Speakers
The householder Anāthapiṇḍika (Sudatta), the invisible spirit Sivaka, and the Buddha
Form
A sleepless night of anticipation, a fearful journey encouraged three times, and a greeting by name
Length
~4.5 minutes to read
Northern parallel
A rough counterpart may exist in the Chinese Saṃyukta-āgama (T99), though this reading guide does not assert a specific matching sutra number
Difficulty
★★★★☆ — one of the canon's most historically significant first encounters

Why this discourse

This discourse tells one of the most consequential first meetings in the entire canon: the householder Sudatta, better known by his epithet Anāthapiṇḍika (‘feeder of the destitute’), later the Buddha's great lay patron and donor of Jeta's Grove itself, hearing for the very first time that a Buddha has arisen in the world. His excitement is almost comic in its intensity — he goes to bed thinking of the Buddha and gets up three times in the night mistaking darkness for dawn — before setting out early and being overcome by genuine fear at the city's edge, not once but three times, each time nearly turning back, each time urged forward by an invisible spirit's vivid encouragement. The discourse closes with the Buddha greeting a man he has never met by his actual birth name.

Reading guide

Anticipation described with genuine warmth and specificity

The discourse doesn't simply state that Sudatta was eager; it shows it — going to bed thinking of the Buddha, rising three separate times in the night mistaking darkness for approaching dawn — a specific, almost tender picture of someone too excited to sleep properly.

A mysterious, unexplained assistance at the city gate

Non-human beings open the city gate for him without any explanation offered in the text — a small supernatural detail the discourse simply reports, treating it as part of the extraordinary nature of this particular journey.

Fear returning three times, honestly described

Sudatta's terror isn't a single moment overcome once; the darkness, fear, and goosebumps recur three separate times as he tries to leave the city, and each time he genuinely wants to turn back — the discourse not smoothing over how close he came to abandoning the journey.

An identical, unwavering encouragement each time

Sivaka's response doesn't vary or escalate; the same vivid comparison — a hundred elephants, horses, chariots, and jeweled maidens all together not worth a sixteenth part of a single forward step — and the same simple exhortation, ‘forward, householder’, repeat exactly each of the three times fear returns.

A greeting that reveals knowledge before any introduction

The Buddha addresses Sudatta by his actual birth name — not his epithet, not a generic title — before the two have ever formally met, and the discourse records Sudatta's own delighted astonishment at being known this way, closing the encounter's drama with a small, personal moment of recognition.

Key terms

buddho kira loke uppanno — “a rumor that a Buddha had arisen in the world” — the news that sets the entire discourse in motion.
buddhagatāya satiyā nipajji — “he went to bed thinking of the Buddha” — the specific, warm detail of his anticipation, rising three times mistaking darkness for dawn.
sataṁ hatthī sataṁ assā…ekassa padavītihārassa, kalaṁ nāgghanti soḷasiṁ — “a hundred elephants, a hundred horses…not worth a sixteenth part of a single forward stride” — Sivaka's vivid encouraging verse, repeated identically three times.
ehi, sudattā — “Come, Sudatta” — the Buddha addressing him by his actual birth name before any formal introduction.
sabbadā ve sukhaṁ seti, brāhmaṇo parinibbuto — “a brahmin who is fully quenched always sleeps at ease” — the Buddha's closing teaching-verse on peaceful sleep.

The text

The discourse in full. Repeated passages recounting the second and third instances of fear are elided in the source and are not reconstructed here. Translation: Bhikkhu Sujato (CC0, SuttaCentral).

§1At one time the Buddha was staying near Rājagaha in the Cool Grove. Now at that time the householder Anāthapiṇḍika had arrived at Rājagaha on some business. He heard a rumor that a Buddha had arisen in the world. Right away he wanted to go and see the Buddha, but he thought, “It’s too late to go and see the Buddha today. I’ll go and see him tomorrow.” He went to bed thinking of the Buddha. During the night he got up three times thinking it was morning. Then he approached the Sivaka Gate,

§2and non-human beings opened it for him. But as he was leaving the city, light vanished and darkness appeared to him. He felt fear, terror, and goosebumps, and wanted to turn back. Then the invisible spirit Sivaka called out:

§3“A hundred elephants, a hundred horses, a hundred mule-drawn chariots, a hundred thousand maidens bedecked with jeweled earrings: these are not worth a sixteenth part of a single forward stride! Forward, householder! Forward, householder! Going forward is better for you, not turning back!”

§4Then darkness vanished and light appeared to Anāthapiṇḍika. His fear, terror, and goosebumps settled down.

§5“… Going forward is better for you, not turning back!” Then darkness vanished and light appeared to Anāthapiṇḍika. His fear, terror, and goosebumps settled down.

§6“… Going forward is better for you, not turning back!” Then darkness vanished and light appeared to Anāthapiṇḍika. His fear, terror, and goosebumps settled down. Then the householder Anāthapiṇḍika went to the Cool Grove and approached the Buddha.

§7Now at that time the Buddha had risen at the crack of dawn and was walking mindfully in the open. He saw Anāthapiṇḍika coming off in the distance. So he stepped down from the walking path, sat down on the seat spread out, and said to Anāthapiṇḍika, “Come, Sudatta.” Then Anāthapiṇḍika thought, “The Buddha calls me by name!” Smiling and elated, he bowed with his head at the Buddha’s feet and said to him, “Sir, I trust the Buddha slept well?”

§8“A brahmin who is fully quenched always sleeps at ease. Sensual pleasures slip off them, they’re cooled, free of attachments. Since they’ve cut off all clinging, and removed the stress from the heart, the peaceful sleep at ease, having found peace of mind.”

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Self-check quiz

Ten questions. Click an answer to see immediate feedback. No score is recorded — this is for your own checking.

Question 1 of 10
Who is the main figure in this discourse, and what is he later known for?
Correct: A. One of the most consequential first meetings in the entire canon.
Question 2 of 10
How does the discourse show Sudatta's excitement upon hearing about the Buddha?
Correct: A. A specific, warm picture of eager anticipation.
Question 3 of 10
What unexplained detail occurs at the city gate?
Correct: A. A small supernatural detail the text simply reports without explanation.
Question 4 of 10
How many times does Sudatta experience fear and darkness on his journey?
Correct: A. The discourse honestly describes how close he came to abandoning the journey each time.
Question 5 of 10
How does the spirit Sivaka respond each time Sudatta's fear returns?
Correct: A. The same comparison and the same simple exhortation, repeated exactly three times.
Question 6 of 10
What does Sivaka's verse compare to the value of a single forward step?
Correct: A. A deliberately extravagant comparison emphasizing the step's true worth.
Question 7 of 10
How does the Buddha greet Sudatta upon their first meeting?
Correct: A. A moment revealing knowledge Sudatta didn't expect, delighting him.
Question 8 of 10
What question does Sudatta ask the Buddha after this greeting?
Correct: A. A simple, courteous question prompting the closing teaching.
Question 9 of 10
What does the Buddha's answering verse describe?
Correct: A. A teaching connecting inner freedom to genuine ease, prompted by an ordinary courteous question.
Question 10 of 10
Where does this discourse take place?
Correct: A. The specific journey and destination central to this historic first meeting.
Answered 0 of 10 · Correct 0