Saṃyutta Nikāya · Discourse 12.47

Jānussoṇi

Jāṇussoṇisutta

Setting
Sāvatthī
Speakers
The Buddha and the brahmin Jānussoṇi
Form
A brief two-question dialogue, structurally identical to SN 12.46, closing in the same conversion
Length
~2 minutes to read
Northern parallel
A rough counterpart may exist in the Chinese Saṃyukta-āgama (T99), though this reading guide does not assert a specific matching sutra number
Difficulty
★★★☆☆ — brief, generalizing an existence question already met elsewhere in this saṃyutta

Why this discourse

The brahmin Jānussoṇi — a named figure who appears questioning the Buddha in several discourses across the early texts — asks the broadest possible version of an existence question already met in this saṃyutta: not whether the world in particular exists or doesn't, as in SN 12.15, but whether everything exists, or whether nothing does. The Buddha's answer follows exactly the same pattern as before: each claim is named an extreme and set aside, and the middle way is given not as a compromise between them but as the same twelve-link chain of conditions, run forward to suffering's arising and in reverse to its complete cessation. Reading this discourse against SN 12.15 shows how the same underlying teaching answers a question however broadly or narrowly it happens to be framed.

Reading guide

A generalized version of an already-answered question

Where SN 12.15 asked specifically about the existence or non-existence of the world, Jānussoṇi's question widens the scope to everything without restriction — "does all exist" rather than "does the world exist" — and receives an answer built on exactly the same structure.

Two extremes named without qualification

"All exists" and "all does not exist" are each named an extreme in turn, with neither treated as a safer or more defensible default position than the other.

The same middle way, a fourth confirmed use

"Avoiding these two extremes, the Realized One teaches by the middle way" appears here for a fourth time in this saṃyutta, following its use for the world's existence in SN 12.15, the soul and the body in SN 12.35, and the doer and the experiencer in SN 12.46.

A named, recurring questioner

Unlike the unnamed brahmin of SN 12.46, Jānussoṇi is identified by name — a brahmin who appears putting questions to the Buddha in several other discourses across the early texts, giving this particular exchange a slightly more documented questioner than most of this chapter's visitors.

Breadth of question, sameness of answer

The discourse's real interest lies less in Jānussoṇi's particular question than in what it demonstrates: that however broadly an existence question is framed, sabbaṁ or loko alike, the teaching offered in response doesn't change in kind, only in the words used to state the question being set aside.

Key terms

jāṇussoṇi brāhmaṇo — “the brahmin Jānussoṇi” — a named figure who appears questioning the Buddha in several discourses across the early texts.
sabbamatthi… sabbaṁ natthi — “all exists… all does not exist” — the two extremes named in turn, a generalized version of SN 12.15's question about the world specifically.
ubho ante anupagamma majjhena tathāgato dhammaṁ deseti — “avoiding these two extremes, the Realized One teaches by the middle way” — the same formula confirmed for a fourth distinct pair of extremes in this saṃyutta.
abhikkantaṁ, bho gotama — “excellent, worthy Gotama!” — Jānussoṇi's exclamation of praise, identical to the unnamed brahmin's in SN 12.46.
pāṇupetaṁ saraṇaṁ gataṁ — “gone for refuge for life” — the closing formula of conversion, shared with SN 12.46.

The text

The discourse in full. Translation: Bhikkhu Sujato (CC0, SuttaCentral).

§1At Sāvatthī. Then the brahmin Jānussoṇi went up to the Buddha, and exchanged greetings with him. Seated to one side he said to the Buddha:

§2“Worthy Gotama, does all exist?” “‘All exists’: this is one extreme, brahmin.”

§3“Then does all not exist?” “‘All does not exist’: this is the second extreme. Avoiding these two extremes, the Realized One teaches by the middle way: ‘Ignorance is a requirement for choices. Choices are a requirement for consciousness. … That is how this entire mass of suffering originates. When ignorance fades away and ceases with no residue left behind, choices cease. When choices cease, consciousness ceases. … That is how this entire mass of suffering ceases.’”

§4When he said this, the brahmin Jānussoṇi said to the Buddha, “Excellent, worthy Gotama! Excellent! … From this day forth, may the worthy Gotama remember me as a lay follower who has gone for refuge for life.”

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Self-check quiz

Ten questions. Click an answer to see immediate feedback. No score is recorded — this is for your own checking.

Question 1 of 10
What does Jānussoṇi ask the Buddha?
Correct: A. A generalized existence question, broader than SN 12.15's question about the world specifically.
Question 2 of 10
How does Jānussoṇi's question compare to SN 12.15's question about the world?
Correct: A. The same existence question, widened in scope.
Question 3 of 10
How does the Buddha treat "all exists" and "all does not exist"?
Correct: A. Both set aside without either being treated as the safer default.
Question 4 of 10
What formula resolves both extremes?
Correct: A. The identical formula used elsewhere in this saṃyutta.
Question 5 of 10
How many times has this exact middle-way formula now appeared in this saṃyutta, counting this discourse?
Correct: A. A confirmed, recurring formula across four distinct pairs of extremes.
Question 6 of 10
Is Jānussoṇi named, unlike the brahmin in SN 12.46?
Correct: A. A more documented questioner than SN 12.46's unnamed brahmin.
Question 7 of 10
What does the Buddha's answer replace the existence question with?
Correct: A. Conditionality offered in place of a verdict about existence.
Question 8 of 10
How does the discourse end?
Correct: A. The same conversion pattern as SN 12.46.
Question 9 of 10
What does this discourse demonstrate when read against SN 12.15?
Correct: A. Breadth of question, sameness of answer.
Question 10 of 10
Where does this exchange take place?
Correct: A. The consistent setting across this chapter of Nidānavagga.
Answered 0 of 10 · Correct 0