Saṃyutta Nikāya · Discourse 12.56

A Great Tree (2nd)

Dutiyamahārukkhasutta

Setting
Sāvatthī
Speakers
The Buddha alone, addressing the assembled mendicants
Form
SN 12.55's great tree teaching compressed into two movements, with the felling sequence itself also elided partway through
Length
~2 minutes to read
Northern parallel
A rough counterpart may exist in the Chinese Saṃyukta-āgama (T99), though this reading guide does not assert a specific matching sutra number
Difficulty
★★☆☆☆ — the same content as SN 12.55, compressed twice over

Why this discourse

This discourse relates to SN 12.55 exactly as SN 12.54 relates to SN 12.53: the same tree, drawing sap through roots reaching down and sideways, standing so long as it's fed, or felled and reduced to scattered ash once it isn't — but folded from four movements into two by building the simile into each statement from the start. This discourse goes a step further than SN 12.54 did, however: not only is the overall four-part structure compressed, but the felling sequence's own elaborate detail — cutting, digging, chopping, drying, burning, scattering — is itself elided with a peyyāla ellipsis partway through, leaving only its first and last steps stated in full. The result is a discourse compressed on two independent axes at once, not just one.

Reading guide

The same fold seen at SN 12.54, applied here

Exactly as SN 12.54 embedded the oil lamp simile directly into a single statement rather than restating it separately, this discourse embeds the great tree simile the same way, collapsing SN 12.55's four movements into two.

A second, independent layer of compression

Beyond the structural fold shared with SN 12.54, this discourse also elides the felling sequence's own internal detail with a peyyāla ellipsis, jumping directly from cutting down the roots to floating the ashes downstream, where SN 12.55 spelled out every intervening step.

Two compressions that don't have to travel together

SN 12.54 compressed its overall structure without eliding any of the oil lamp simile's own detail, since the lamp simile was already brief; this discourse shows that when the underlying simile is itself elaborate, both kinds of compression can be applied at once, independently of each other.

What survives the double compression intact

Despite both layers of elision, the discourse still preserves the tree's feeding mechanism in full and the closing formula of finality — cut off at the root, made like a palm stump, obliterated — suggesting these two elements were judged too load-bearing to abbreviate even under heavy compression.

A confirmed pattern across two pairs of "2nd" discourses

Between SN 12.53/12.54 and SN 12.55/12.56, this chapter now shows two separate confirmed cases of a "(2nd)" discourse folding its predecessor's simile into a tighter statement, with this second case adding an extra layer of internal elision the first case didn't need.

Key terms

yāni ceva mūlāni adhogamāni, yāni ca tiriyaṅgamāni, sabbāni tāni uddhaṁ ojaṁ abhiharanti — “its roots going downwards and across all draw the sap upwards” — the same feeding mechanism as SN 12.55, preserved in full despite the compression elsewhere.
tadāhāro tadupādāno ciraṁ dīghamaddhānaṁ tiṭṭheyya — “fed and fuelled by that, the great tree would stand for a long time” — the standard formula carried over unchanged from SN 12.55.
mūle chindeyya… mūlāni uddhareyya…pe… nadiyā vā sīghasotāya pavāheyya — “cut down at the roots, dig them up… float them away down a swift stream” — the felling sequence's own internal detail elided here with a peyyāla ellipsis, unlike SN 12.55's full step-by-step version.
ucchinnamūlo assa tālāvatthukato anabhāvaṅkato āyatiṁ anuppādadhammo — “cut off at the root, made like a palm stump, obliterated, and unable to arise in the future” — the closing formula of finality, preserved intact despite the compression around it.
upādāniyesu… dhammesu — “things that fuel grasping” — the same framing as SN 12.55, carried over unchanged.

The text

The discourse in full. Translation: Bhikkhu Sujato (CC0, SuttaCentral).

§1At Sāvatthī. “Mendicants, suppose there was a great tree. And its roots going downwards and across all draw the sap upwards. Fed and fuelled by that, the great tree would stand for a long time. In the same way, there are things that fuel grasping. When you concentrate on the gratification provided by these things, your craving grows. Craving is a requirement for grasping. … That is how this entire mass of suffering originates.

§2Suppose there was a great tree. Then a person comes along with a spade and basket. They’d cut the tree down at the roots, dig them up, and pull them out, down to the fibers and stems. They’d cut the tree apart, cut up the parts, and chop it into splinters. They’d dry the splinters in the wind and sun, burn them with fire, and reduce them to ashes. Then they’d winnow the ashes in a strong wind, or glide them down a swift stream. In this way the great tree is cut off at the root, made like a palm stump, obliterated, and unable to arise in the future. In the same way, there are things that fuel grasping. When you concentrate on the drawbacks of these things, your craving ceases. When craving ceases, grasping ceases. … That is how this entire mass of suffering ceases.”

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Self-check quiz

Ten questions. Click an answer to see immediate feedback. No score is recorded — this is for your own checking.

Question 1 of 10
How does this discourse relate to SN 12.55, structurally?
Correct: A. The same fold-the-simile-in compression pattern seen at SN 12.54.
Question 2 of 10
What additional compression does this discourse apply, beyond the structural fold?
Correct: A. A second, independent layer of compression not present in SN 12.54's relationship to SN 12.53.
Question 3 of 10
What does this discourse's felling sequence jump directly between?
Correct: A. A peyyāla ellipsis where SN 12.55 spelled out every step.
Question 4 of 10
What does this discourse demonstrate about compression that SN 12.54 alone didn't show?
Correct: A. Two compressions that don't have to travel together, shown here to co-occur.
Question 5 of 10
What survives this discourse's double compression intact?
Correct: A. Elements judged too load-bearing to abbreviate even under heavy compression.
Question 6 of 10
How many confirmed cases of a "(2nd)" discourse folding its predecessor's simile does this chapter now show?
Correct: A. A confirmed, recurring pattern across two separate pairs.
Question 7 of 10
What framing does this discourse use?
Correct: A. Carried over unchanged from SN 12.55.
Question 8 of 10
What determines whether craving grows or ceases in this discourse?
Correct: A. The same lever as every other discourse in this chapter.
Question 9 of 10
Who is the sole speaker in this discourse?
Correct: A. No interlocutor or visiting figure appears.
Question 10 of 10
Where does the Buddha deliver this teaching?
Correct: A. The consistent setting shared with most of this chapter's discourses.
Answered 0 of 10 · Correct 0