Saṃyutta Nikāya · Discourse 12.57

A Sapling

Taruṇarukkhasutta

Setting
Sāvatthī
Speakers
The Buddha alone, addressing the assembled mendicants
Form
The same four-movement structure as SN 12.53 and SN 12.55, with a young sapling in place of a mature tree
Length
~3 minutes to read
Northern parallel
A rough counterpart may exist in the Chinese Saṃyukta-āgama (T99), though this reading guide does not assert a specific matching sutra number
Difficulty
★★☆☆☆ — a small but genuine shift in the tree image's meaning

Why this discourse

This discourse returns to the fetters framing shared with SN 12.53, but introduces a new variation on this chapter's tree image: not a great tree already standing, drawing sap through established roots, but a sapling — a young tree still being brought toward maturity by someone who clears around its roots, supplies soil, and waters it from time to time. Fed this way, the sapling doesn't merely stand for a long time, as the great tree does; it grows, increases, and matures. The shift from a mature tree's static persistence to a young tree's active growth adds a genuinely new dimension to this chapter's central image, suggesting that what craving does when fed isn't only sustain itself but actively develop and expand.

Reading guide

A young tree, not a mature one already standing

Where SN 12.55's great tree was already fully grown and simply persisted so long as it was fed, this discourse's sapling is explicitly still developing, introducing a growth stage this chapter's tree imagery hadn't yet used.

Active cultivation, not passive feeding

The sapling's care is described with more deliberate, gardener-like verbs — clearing around the roots, supplying soil, watering — than the simpler "feeding" language used for the fire, lamp, or mature tree, matching the more hands-on relationship a young plant requires.

Growth as the outcome, not mere persistence

"Vuddhiṁ virūḷhiṁ vepullaṁ āpajjeyya" — grow, increase, and mature — describes an actively developing outcome, distinct from the great tree's simple "stand for a long time" or the fire and lamp's simple continued burning.

A suggestion the tree simile alone hadn't made explicit

By showing craving's growth through a plant that is itself growing, this discourse makes a point the mature-tree and fire similes leave only implicit: fed craving doesn't just persist unchanged, it develops and expands over time.

The same felling, applied to something still young

The cessation half applies this chapter's now-familiar felling sequence — cut down, dug up, chopped, dried, burned, scattered — to the sapling exactly as it was applied to the mature tree, showing that a young, still-developing growth is no more resistant to being uprooted than an established one.

Key terms

taruṇo rukkho — “a sapling” — literally a young tree, introducing a growth stage this chapter's tree imagery hadn't yet used.
mūlāni palimajjeyya… paṁsuṁ dadeyya… udakaṁ dadeyya — “clear around the roots, supply soil, and water it” — more deliberate, gardener-like care than this chapter's other similes describe.
vuddhiṁ virūḷhiṁ vepullaṁ āpajjeyya — “grow, increase, and mature” — an actively developing outcome, distinct from the mature tree's simple persistence.
saṁyojaniyesu… dhammesu — “things that tighten the fetters” — the same framing as SN 12.53.
ucchinnamūlo assa tālāvatthukato anabhāvaṅkato āyatiṁ anuppādadhammo — “cut off at the root, made like a palm stump, obliterated, and unable to arise in the future” — the same formula of finality applied here to a young sapling rather than a mature tree.

The text

The discourse in full. Translation: Bhikkhu Sujato (CC0, SuttaCentral).

§1At Sāvatthī. “There are things that tighten the fetters. When you concentrate on the gratification provided by these things, your craving grows. Craving is a requirement for grasping. … That is how this entire mass of suffering originates.

§2Suppose there was a sapling. And from time to time someone would clear around the roots, supply soil, and water it. Fed and fuelled by that, the sapling would grow, increase, and mature. In the same way, there are things that tighten the fetters. When you concentrate on the gratification provided by these things, your craving grows. Craving is a requirement for grasping. … That is how this entire mass of suffering originates.

§3There are things that tighten the fetters. When you concentrate on the drawbacks of these things, your craving ceases. When craving ceases, grasping ceases. … That is how this entire mass of suffering ceases.

§4Suppose there was a sapling. Then a person comes along with a spade and basket. … They’d cut the sapling apart, cut up the parts, and chop it into splinters. They’d dry the splinters in the wind and sun, burn them with fire, and reduce them to ashes. Then they’d winnow the ashes in a strong wind, or glide them down a swift stream. In this way the sapling is cut off at the root, made like a palm stump, obliterated, and unable to arise in the future. In the same way, there are things that tighten the fetters. When you concentrate on the drawbacks of these things, your craving ceases. When craving ceases, grasping ceases. … That is how this entire mass of suffering ceases.”

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Self-check quiz

Ten questions. Click an answer to see immediate feedback. No score is recorded — this is for your own checking.

Question 1 of 10
What new image does this discourse introduce to this chapter's tree simile?
Correct: A. A growth stage this chapter's imagery hadn't yet used.
Question 2 of 10
How is the sapling's care described, compared to the fire, lamp, or mature tree similes?
Correct: A. A more hands-on relationship matching what a young plant requires.
Question 3 of 10
What outcome does the sapling reach when fed, unlike the mature tree's simple persistence?
Correct: A. An actively developing outcome, distinct from mere standing.
Question 4 of 10
What point does this discourse make that the mature-tree and fire similes leave only implicit?
Correct: A. Growth shown through a plant that is itself growing.
Question 5 of 10
What happens to the sapling in the cessation half of this discourse?
Correct: A. A young, still-developing growth proves no more resistant to being uprooted than a mature one.
Question 6 of 10
What framing does this discourse use?
Correct: A. The same fetters framing as SN 12.53, matching this discourse to that side of the chapter's pairing.
Question 7 of 10
How many movements structure this discourse?
Correct: A. The full four-part structure, not the compressed two-part style used for this chapter's "(2nd)" discourses.
Question 8 of 10
What determines whether craving grows or ceases in this discourse?
Correct: A. The same lever as every other discourse in this chapter.
Question 9 of 10
Who is the sole speaker in this discourse?
Correct: A. No interlocutor or visiting figure appears.
Question 10 of 10
Where does the Buddha deliver this teaching?
Correct: A. The consistent setting shared with most of this chapter's discourses.
Answered 0 of 10 · Correct 0