Saṃyutta Nikāya · Discourse 13.1

A Fingernail

Nakhasikhāsutta

Setting
Sāvatthī
Speakers
The Buddha alone, addressing the assembled mendicants
Form
A physical gesture turned into a question, answered by the mendicants, then applied directly to a stream-enterer's remaining suffering
Length
~2 minutes to read
Northern parallel
A rough counterpart may exist in the Chinese Saṃyukta-āgama (T99), though this reading guide does not assert a specific matching sutra number
Difficulty
★★☆☆☆ — opens a short saṃyutta built entirely from one recurring comparison

Why this discourse

Opening Abhisamayasaṃyutta — the saṃyutta named for abhisamaya, comprehension or breakthrough — the Buddha doesn't reach for a verbal image alone; he physically picks up a speck of dirt on his own fingernail and holds it up against the whole earth. The mendicants immediately agree the earth is incomparably more. That comparison becomes the template for the entire saṃyutta: for a noble disciple accomplished in view, someone who has genuinely comprehended the teaching, the suffering already ended dwarfs what little remains, since such a person has at most seven more lives before their suffering ends completely. This is the only discourse in the set built on something the Buddha actually does with his own hand, rather than a hypothetical scene described in words.

Reading guide

A gesture, not just an image

Where the other ten discourses in this saṃyutta ask the mendicants to imagine a pond, a river, an ocean, or a mountain, this discourse opens with something physically present and visible in the moment: an actual speck of dirt on the Buddha's actual fingernail, giving the whole saṃyutta's opening comparison a tangible, immediate quality none of the others quite share.

A term that names the whole collection

"Abhisametāvino," one who has comprehended, is the word this entire saṃyutta takes its name from; a noble disciple accomplished in view is defined here precisely as someone for whom this comparison — almost all suffering over, only a trace left — already holds true.

A specific number naming what remains

The tiny remainder isn't left vague; it's given a precise upper bound, "at most seven more lives" (sattakkhattuṁparamatā), the standard technical description of a stream-enterer's remaining rebirths before final liberation.

A threefold negative for emphasis

The comparison isn't simply "much less"; it's stated three times over — not a hundredth, not a thousandth, not a hundred-thousandth part — a formula that recurs unchanged throughout every discourse in this saṃyutta.

The first of eleven variations on one comparison

Every discourse that follows in this short saṃyutta runs the identical logical structure through a different image — a lotus pond, a river confluence, the ocean, a mountain — making this opening discourse less a standalone teaching than the template the other ten will vary.

Key terms

parittaṁ nakhasikhāyaṁ paṁsuṁ āropetvā — “picking up a little bit of dirt on his fingernail” — the physical gesture opening this discourse, unique among the eleven in this saṃyutta.
mahāpathavī — “the great earth” — what the speck of dirt is measured against.
ariyasāvakassa diṭṭhisampannassa puggalassa abhisametāvino — “a noble disciple accomplished in view, an individual with comprehension” — the term giving this whole saṃyutta its name.
sattakkhattuṁparamatā — “at most seven more lives” — the precise technical bound on a stream-enterer's remaining rebirths.
evaṁ mahatthiyo kho… dhammābhisamayo; evaṁ mahatthiyo dhammacakkhupaṭilābho — “that's how very beneficial it is to comprehend the teaching and gain the vision of the teaching” — the closing refrain repeated through this saṃyutta.

The text

The discourse in full, opening Abhisamayasaṃyutta. Translation: Bhikkhu Sujato (CC0, SuttaCentral).

§1So I have heard. At one time the Buddha was staying near Sāvatthī in Jeta’s Grove, Anāthapiṇḍika’s monastery. Then the Buddha, picking up a little bit of dirt on his fingernail, addressed the mendicants: “What do you think, mendicants? Which is more: the little bit of dirt on my fingernail, or this great earth?”

§2“Sir, the great earth is far more. The little bit of dirt on your fingernail is tiny. Compared to the great earth, it’s not nearly a hundredth, a thousandth, or a hundred thousandth part.” “In the same way, for a noble disciple accomplished in view, an individual with comprehension, the suffering that’s over and done with is more, what’s left is tiny. Compared to the mass of suffering in the past that’s over and done with, it’s not nearly a hundredth, a thousandth, or a hundred thousandth part, since there are at most seven more lives. That’s how very beneficial it is to comprehend the teaching and gain the vision of the teaching.”

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Self-check quiz

Ten questions. Click an answer to see immediate feedback. No score is recorded — this is for your own checking.

Question 1 of 10
What does the Buddha physically do at the start of this discourse?
Correct: A. The only discourse in this saṃyutta built on an actual physical gesture.
Question 2 of 10
What does the mendicants' answer confirm about the dirt compared to the earth?
Correct: A. The threefold negative formula recurring throughout this saṃyutta.
Question 3 of 10
What does "abhisametāvino" mean, and why does it matter here?
Correct: A. Defining the noble disciple this comparison is applied to.
Question 4 of 10
What precise number bounds a stream-enterer's remaining rebirths, according to this discourse?
Correct: A. Sattakkhattuṁparamatā, the standard technical description of this attainment.
Question 5 of 10
How is the comparison between suffering ended and suffering remaining stated?
Correct: A. A formula recurring unchanged throughout this saṃyutta.
Question 6 of 10
How does this discourse relate to the other ten in this saṃyutta?
Correct: A. A pond, a river, an ocean, a mountain — the same structure, restated eleven ways.
Question 7 of 10
What is unique about this discourse's opening image compared to the other ten?
Correct: A. An actual gesture, not an imagined pond, river, or mountain.
Question 8 of 10
What does the closing refrain call "very beneficial"?
Correct: A. The recurring closing formula shared across this saṃyutta's discourses.
Question 9 of 10
Who is the sole speaker in this discourse?
Correct: A. No interlocutor or visiting figure appears, though the mendicants respond to his question.
Question 10 of 10
Where does the Buddha deliver this teaching?
Correct: A. The consistent setting shared with every discourse in this saṃyutta.
Answered 0 of 10 · Correct 0