Saṃyutta Nikāya · Discourse 14.12

With a Cause

Sanidānasutta

Setting
Sāvatthī
Speakers
The Buddha alone, addressing the assembled mendicants
Form
Two matching five-step chains, one unwholesome and one wholesome, each framed by a burning-grass simile
Length
~4 minutes to read
Northern parallel
A rough counterpart may exist in the Chinese Saṃyukta-āgama (T99), though this reading guide does not assert a specific matching sutra number
Difficulty
★★★☆☆ — longer than most discourses in this saṃyutta, with two similes worth reading slowly

Why this discourse

This discourse takes the five-step chain first built in Nānattavagga — element, perception, thought, desire, passion, search — and applies it to something with direct ethical stakes: sensual, malicious, and cruel thoughts on one side, renunciation, good will, and harmlessness on the other. Each of the six begins from its own named element and runs the identical chain to a search that ends in either bad conduct or good conduct, by body, speech, and mind. Bracketing both halves is the same simile, told twice with the outcome reversed: a burning torch dropped in dry grass either destroys what lives there or is quickly put out, depending only on how fast it's dealt with.

Reading guide

The chain returns, now carrying ethical weight

The same element-perception-thought-desire-passion-search structure from Nānattavagga reappears here unchanged in form, but its content is no longer neutral sense experience — it's sensuality, malice, and cruelty, or their opposites.

Six chains, not one, sharing a single shape

Sensual, malicious, and cruel thoughts each run the chain once; renunciation, good will, and harmlessness each run it a second time in the same order, giving six parallel chains total within one discourse.

A chain that ends in conduct, not just search

Unlike Nānattavagga's chains, which stopped at search or gain, this discourse's chains continue one step further, to how a person actually behaves by body, speech, and mind once the search is underway.

One simile, two outcomes

The burning torch dropped in dry grass appears twice, identically staged but oppositely resolved — put out quickly or left to spread — making vivid what the abstract chain describes: how fast a thought is caught determines what it grows into.

“For a reason, not without reason”

The discourse's opening and closing frame insists that even troubling or wholesome thoughts don't simply appear from nowhere; each has a specific, traceable element behind it, the same insistence on causal grounding that runs through this entire saṃyutta.

Key terms

sanidānaṁ … no anidānaṁ — “for a reason … not without reason” — the discourse's title phrase, framing both halves of its teaching.
kāmadhātu, byāpādadhātu, vihiṁsādhātu — “the element of sensuality, of malice, of cruelty” — the three unwholesome elements opening the first half of this discourse's chain.
nekkhammadhātu, abyāpādadhātu, avihiṁsādhātu — “the element of renunciation, of good will, of harmlessness” — the three wholesome elements opening the second half, each the direct negation of the first three.
micchā paṭipajjati / sammā paṭipajjati — “behaves badly” / “behaves well” — by body, speech, and mind, the point each of the six chains finally arrives at.
ādittaṁ tiṇukkaṁ — “a burning torch” — the image anchoring this discourse's simile, told twice with opposite outcomes.

The text

The discourse in full, including the source's own elision of the middle links in the malicious and cruel chains, and in the good will and harmlessness chains. Translation: Bhikkhu Sujato (CC0, SuttaCentral).

§1At Sāvatthī. “Mendicants, sensual, malicious, and cruel thoughts arise for a reason, not without reason.

§2And how do sensual, malicious, and cruel thoughts arise for a reason, not without reason? The element of sensuality gives rise to sensual perceptions. Sensual perceptions give rise to sensual purposes. Sensual purposes give rise to sensual desires. Sensual desires give rise to sensual passions. Sensual passions give rise to searches for sensual pleasures. An unlearned ordinary person on a search for sensual pleasures behaves badly in three ways: by body, speech, and mind.

§3The element of malice gives rise to malicious perceptions. Malicious perceptions give rise to malicious thoughts. … malicious desires … malicious passions … malicious searches … An unlearned ordinary person on a malicious search behaves badly in three ways: by body, speech, and mind.

§4The element of cruelty gives rise to cruel perceptions. Cruel perceptions give rise to cruel purposes. … cruel desires … cruel passions … cruel searches … An unlearned ordinary person on a cruel search behaves badly in three ways: by body, speech, and mind.

§5Suppose a person was to drop a burning torch in a thicket of dry grass. If they don’t quickly extinguish it with their hands and feet, the creatures living in the grass and wood would come to ruin. In the same way, a corrupt perception might arise in an ascetic or brahmin. If they don’t quickly give it up, get rid of it, eliminate it, and obliterate it, they’ll suffer in the present life, with distress, anguish, and fever. And when the body breaks up, after death, they can expect to be reborn in a bad place.

§6Thoughts of renunciation, good will, and harmlessness arise for a reason, not without reason.

§7And how do thoughts of renunciation, good will, and harmlessness arise for a reason, not without reason? The element of renunciation gives rise to perceptions of renunciation. Perceptions of renunciation give rise to thoughts of renunciation. The purpose of renunciation give rise to enthusiasm for renunciation. Enthusiasm for renunciation gives rise to passion for renunciation. Fervor for renunciation gives rise to the search for renunciation. A learned noble disciple on a search for renunciation behaves well in three ways: by body, speech, and mind.

§8The element of good will gives rise to perceptions of good will. Perceptions of good will give rise to thoughts of good will. … enthusiasm for good will … passion for good will … the search for good will. A learned noble disciple on a search for good will behaves well in three ways: by body, speech, and mind.

§9The element of harmlessness gives rise to perceptions of harmlessness. Perceptions of harmlessness give rise to thoughts of harmlessness. … enthusiasm for harmlessness … passion for harmlessness … the search for harmlessness. A learned noble disciple on a search for harmlessness behaves well in three ways: by body, speech, and mind.

§10Suppose a person was to drop a burning torch in a thicket of dry grass. If they were to quickly extinguish it with their hands and feet, the creatures living in the grass and wood wouldn’t come to ruin. In the same way, a corrupt perception might arise in an ascetic or brahmin. If they quickly give it up, get rid of it, eliminate it, and obliterate it, they’ll be happy in the present life, free of distress, anguish, and fever. And when the body breaks up, after death, they can expect to be reborn in a good place.”

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Self-check quiz

Ten questions. Click an answer to see immediate feedback. No score is recorded — this is for your own checking.

Question 1 of 10
What chain structure does this discourse reuse from Nānattavagga?
Correct: A. The same five-step chain, now applied to ethical content.
Question 2 of 10
What three unwholesome elements open the chain's first half?
Correct: A. Kāma, byāpāda, and vihiṁsā, each running the chain in turn.
Question 3 of 10
How far does this discourse's chain extend, beyond what Nānattavagga's chains reached?
Correct: A. Search here leads on to how a person actually behaves.
Question 4 of 10
What simile appears twice in this discourse, once for each outcome?
Correct: A. The same staged scene, resolved oppositely depending on the outcome being illustrated.
Question 5 of 10
What does the phrase "sanidānaṁ … no anidānaṁ" mean, and where does it appear?
Correct: A. The title phrase, insisting even troubling thoughts have a traceable source.
Question 6 of 10
What three wholesome elements open the chain's second half?
Correct: A. Nekkhamma, abyāpāda, and avihiṁsā, each the direct negation of an unwholesome counterpart.
Question 7 of 10
According to the discourse, what determines whether the burning torch causes ruin or not?
Correct: A. Speed of response is the deciding factor in both tellings.
Question 8 of 10
Who is the sole speaker in this discourse?
Correct: A. No interlocutor or visitor appears; the Buddha teaches directly.
Question 9 of 10
Where does the Buddha deliver this teaching?
Correct: A. The setting shared with most discourses in this collection.
Question 10 of 10
What numbering tag closes this discourse?
Correct: A. The second discourse of Dutiyavagga.
Answered 0 of 10 · Correct 0