Saṃyutta Nikāya · Discourse 15.5

A Mountain

Pabbatasutta

Setting
Sāvatthī
Speakers
The Buddha and an unnamed mendicant
Form
A question, a request for a simile, and the simile itself, applied to the immensity of past transmigration
Length
~2 minutes to read
Northern parallel
A rough counterpart may exist in the Chinese Saṃyukta-āgama (T99), though this reading guide does not assert a specific matching sutra number
Difficulty
★★☆☆☆ — one of the best-known images in the collection, worth reading slowly

Why this discourse

This discourse turns from measuring accumulated substance to measuring time itself. A mendicant asks how long a single kappa, an eon, actually lasts, and the Buddha answers first that it's simply too long to calculate in years, then offers what may be the most famous image in this entire saṃyutta: a solid stone mountain, a league in every dimension, with no cracks or hollows, stroked once every century by a piece of fine cloth. The mountain would be worn away to nothing before a single eon ended — and beings have transmigrated through many such eons, not merely one.

Reading guide

A shift from substance to duration

Every discourse before this one measured an accumulated quantity — wood, earth, milk; this discourse instead measures how long a single unit of time, one eon, actually lasts.

A precise, almost architectural image

The mountain is specified with exact dimensions — a league long, a league wide, a league high, solid with no cracks or hollows — giving the simile a concreteness that makes the erosion that follows feel genuinely physical.

Erosion by the gentlest possible touch

The mountain isn't blasted or carved; it's stroked with a fine cloth, once per century — the almost imperceptible gentleness of the method makes the eventual total erosion even more striking than a violent one would.

An eon exceeding even this exhausted mountain

The punchline isn't simply that the mountain wears away; it's that the mountain would be completely gone before the eon itself comes to an end — the eon outlasts even total geological erosion.

Many eons, not merely the one just measured

The discourse's final move extends beyond a single eon's length to the sheer number of eons already transmigrated through — setting up SN 15.6 and 15.7's direct treatment of that even larger question.

Key terms

kappo — “an eon” — the unit of time this discourse's mendicant asks about, and this discourse's central subject.
mahāselo pabbato — “a huge stone mountain” — the discourse's central image, specified as a league in every dimension with no cracks or hollows.
kāsikena vatthena — “a fine cloth from Kāsi” — the gentlest possible instrument of erosion, applied once every century.
vassasatassa vassasatassa accayena — “as each century passed” — the extraordinarily slow interval at which the cloth's single stroke is applied.
sakkā pana … upamaṁ kātuṁ — “but is it possible to give a simile?” — the mendicant's follow-up question, opening the way for the mountain image itself.

The text

The discourse in full, including the source's own elision of the standard setting and closing refrain. Translation: Bhikkhu Sujato (CC0, SuttaCentral).

§1At Sāvatthī. Then a mendicant went up to the Buddha, bowed, sat down to one side, and asked him, “Sir, how long is an eon?” “Mendicant, an eon is long. It’s not easy to calculate how many years, how many hundreds or thousands or hundreds of thousands of years it lasts.”

§2“But sir, is it possible to give a simile?” “It’s possible,” said the Buddha. “Suppose there was a huge stone mountain, a league long, a league wide, and a league high, with no cracks or holes, one solid mass. And as each century passed someone would stroke it once with a fine cloth from Kāsi. By this means the huge stone mountain would be worn away before the eon comes to an end. That’s how long an eon is. And we’ve transmigrated through many such eons, many hundreds, many thousands, many hundreds of thousands. Why is that? This transmigration has no known beginning. … This is quite enough for you to become disillusioned, dispassionate, and freed regarding all conditions.”

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Self-check quiz

Ten questions. Click an answer to see immediate feedback. No score is recorded — this is for your own checking.

Question 1 of 10
What question does the mendicant ask, opening this discourse?
Correct: A. A question about a single eon's duration, not the total number of eons.
Question 2 of 10
What image does the Buddha use to illustrate an eon's length?
Correct: A. One of this saṃyutta's most famous images.
Question 3 of 10
How is the mountain specified in this discourse?
Correct: A. Precise, almost architectural specificity.
Question 4 of 10
How often is the mountain stroked with the cloth?
Correct: A. An extraordinarily slow interval, emphasizing the eon's true length.
Question 5 of 10
What happens to the mountain before the eon ends, according to this discourse?
Correct: A. Total erosion, achieved before a single eon concludes.
Question 6 of 10
How does this discourse's focus differ from SN 15.1-4?
Correct: A. A shift from quantity to duration.
Question 7 of 10
What does this discourse's final move extend to, beyond a single eon's length?
Correct: A. Setting up SN 15.6-7's direct treatment of how many eons have passed.
Question 8 of 10
Who asks the Buddha whether a simile can be given?
Correct: A. A natural follow-up within the same exchange.
Question 9 of 10
Where does the Buddha deliver this teaching?
Correct: A. The setting shared with most discourses in this collection.
Question 10 of 10
What numbering tag closes this discourse?
Correct: A. The fifth discourse of this vagga.
Answered 0 of 10 · Correct 0