Saṃyutta Nikāya · Discourse 16.1

Content

Santuṭṭhasutta

Setting
Sāvatthī
Speakers
The Buddha alone, addressing the assembled mendicants
Form
A character description of Venerable Mahākassapa, turned directly into a training instruction
Length
~2 minutes to read
Northern parallel
A rough counterpart may exist in the Chinese Saṃyukta-āgama (T99), though this reading guide does not assert a specific matching sutra number
Difficulty
★★☆☆☆ — opens a saṃyutta built entirely around one named elder as a living standard

Why this discourse

Opening Kassapasaṃyutta, this discourse introduces the structure the whole collection will follow: describe something admirable about Venerable Mahākassapa, then turn it directly into instruction. Here it's contentment with the four basic requisites — robes, almsfood, lodging, and medicine. Kassapa doesn't solicit improperly to get them, doesn't worry when he lacks them, and when he does receive them, uses them without attachment, seeing their drawback and understanding the escape from clinging to them. The Buddha then tells the mendicants to train exactly this way, closing with a formula that will recur throughout this saṃyutta: “I will exhort you with the example of Kassapa, or someone like him.”

Reading guide

A saṃyutta organized around one person, not one doctrine

Unlike Dhātusaṃyutta or Anamataggasaṃyutta, each built around a single recurring term or refrain, this saṃyutta is organized around a single named individual — Mahākassapa functions here the way a technical term functioned in the collections before it.

The same fourfold requisite formula, four times over

Robes, almsfood, lodging, and medicine each receive an identical treatment — contentment praised, improper solicitation avoided, absence not worried over, use free of attachment — the standard fourfold description of a well-disciplined mendicant's relationship to material support.

Seeing drawback and understanding escape, echoed from elsewhere

Ādīnavadassāvī nissaraṇapañño, “seeing the drawback, understanding the escape,” uses the same assāda-ādīnava-nissaraṇa analytical vocabulary this collection's earlier books applied to elements and aggregates, now applied to something as ordinary as a robe.

A description that becomes an instruction without a seam

The transition from describing Kassapa to instructing the mendicants happens with almost no rhetorical marker — “Kassapa is content…” becomes “you should train: we will be content…” as though the description already was the instruction.

A closing formula this whole saṃyutta will repeat

“Kassapena vā hi vo…ovadissāmi,” “I will exhort you with Kassapa's example,” recurs at the close of several discourses in this collection, marking Kassapa as a standing reference point the Buddha returns to repeatedly.

Key terms

santuṭṭha — “content” — this discourse's title quality, Kassapa's contentment with whatever material support he receives.
cīvara, piṇḍapāta, senāsana, gilānappaccayabhesajjaparikkhāra — “robe, almsfood, lodging, medicines and supplies for the sick” — the four basic requisites, each treated with an identical formula in this discourse.
agadhito amucchito anajjhāpanno — “untied, uninfatuated, unattached” — the three-part description of how Kassapa uses whatever requisite he receives.
ādīnavadassāvī nissaraṇapañño — “seeing the drawback, understanding the escape” — the same assāda-ādīnava-nissaraṇa vocabulary used elsewhere in this collection, applied here to ordinary material objects.
kassapena vā hi vo … ovadissāmi — “I will exhort you with the example of Kassapa” — the closing formula marking Kassapa as a standing reference point, recurring across this saṃyutta.

The text

The discourse in full, including the source's own elision of the almsfood, lodging, and medicine sections' repeated clauses. Translation: Bhikkhu Sujato (CC0, SuttaCentral).

§1At Sāvatthī. “Mendicants, Kassapa is content with any kind of robe, and praises such contentment. He doesn’t employ improper solicitation for the sake of a robe. He doesn’t worry if he doesn’t get a robe. And if he does get a robe, he uses it untied, uninfatuated, unattached, seeing the drawback, and understanding the escape.

§2Kassapa is content with any kind of almsfood …

§3Kassapa is content with any kind of lodging …

§4Kassapa is content with any kind of medicines and supplies for the sick …

§5So you should train like this: ‘We will be content with any kind of robe, and praise such contentment. We won’t employ improper solicitation for the sake of a robe. We won’t worry if we don’t get a robe. And if we do get a robe, we’ll use it untied, uninfatuated, unattached, seeing the drawback, and understanding the escape.’ (All should be told in full the same way.)

§6‘We will be content with any kind of almsfood …’ ‘We will be content with any kind of lodging …’ ‘We will be content with any kind of medicines and supplies for the sick …’ That’s how you should train. I will exhort you with the example of Kassapa or someone like him. You should practice accordingly.”

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Self-check quiz

Ten questions. Click an answer to see immediate feedback. No score is recorded — this is for your own checking.

Question 1 of 10
What organizing principle does this saṃyutta use, unlike Dhātusaṃyutta or Anamataggasaṃyutta?
Correct: A. Kassapa functions here the way a technical term functioned in earlier collections.
Question 2 of 10
What four requisites does this discourse describe Kassapa's contentment with?
Correct: A. The four basic requisites, each given an identical formula.
Question 3 of 10
What vocabulary does this discourse share with earlier books in this collection?
Correct: A. The same assāda-ādīnava-nissaraṇa analytical framework, now applied to ordinary objects.
Question 4 of 10
How does this discourse transition from describing Kassapa to instructing the mendicants?
Correct: A. "Kassapa is content" becomes "we will be content" almost seamlessly.
Question 5 of 10
What formula closes this discourse, recurring across this saṃyutta?
Correct: A. Marking Kassapa as a standing reference point the Buddha returns to.
Question 6 of 10
What does "agadhito amucchito anajjhāpanno" describe?
Correct: A. The quality of non-attachment in actual use, not merely in acquisition.
Question 7 of 10
What does Kassapa not do, according to this discourse, regarding requisites he lacks?
Correct: A. Aladdhā ca … na paritassati, undisturbed by absence.
Question 8 of 10
Who is the sole speaker in this discourse?
Correct: A. No interlocutor or visitor appears; the Buddha teaches directly.
Question 9 of 10
Where does the Buddha deliver this teaching?
Correct: A. The setting shared with most discourses in this collection.
Question 10 of 10
What numbering tag closes this discourse?
Correct: A. The first discourse of this new saṃyutta.
Answered 0 of 10 · Correct 0