Saṃyutta Nikāya · Discourse 17.8

A Jackal

Siṅgālasutta

Setting
Sāvatthī
Speakers
The Buddha alone, addressing the assembled mendicants
Form
A vivid animal image built on the Buddha's own question to the mendicants, then applied in parallel structure
Length
~2 minutes to read
Northern parallel
A rough counterpart may exist in the Chinese Saṃyukta-āgama (T99), though this reading guide does not assert a specific matching sutra number
Difficulty
★★☆☆☆ — a return to extended narrative after two compact discourses

Why this discourse

The Buddha opens by asking the mendicants directly: did you hear an old jackal howling at the crack of dawn? He then describes that jackal's condition — suffering from mange, finding no peace in his den, at the root of a tree, or out in the open, meeting tragedy and disaster wherever he goes, stands, sits, or lies down. The parallel lands with exact repetition: a mendicant overcome and overwhelmed by possessions, honor, and popularity finds no peace in an empty hut, at the root of a tree, or out in the open either, meeting the same tragedy and disaster in every posture and every place.

Reading guide

A question addressed directly to the listeners

Unlike the rhetorical questions of SN 17.6-7, this discourse opens with the Buddha asking the mendicants about something they may have actually heard that very morning, grounding the teaching in a shared, immediate experience before turning to the simile.

Mange as the specific affliction, not injury or age alone

The jackal's condition is named precisely as ukkaṇḍaka, mange, a chronic irritant rather than a single wound — restlessness that follows the animal everywhere rather than a pain that might eventually heal.

Exact repetition across every place and posture

The discourse lists the same four postures and three places twice, once for the jackal and once for the mendicant, using near-identical phrasing so the parallel cannot be missed — the affliction follows into every den, every tree-root, every open space.

Overcome and overwhelmed as the diagnostic phrase

abhibhūto pariyādiṇṇacitto, “overcome and overwhelmed,” is the discourse's term for the mendicant's condition — the same compound used for how possessions, honor, and popularity take hold of a mind that hasn't yet been able to resist them.

Restlessness itself as the tragedy, not just its cause

The discourse doesn't describe a single catastrophic event befalling the mendicant; the inability to settle anywhere, comparable to the diseased jackal's ceaseless wandering, is itself named as meeting tragedy and disaster.

Key terms

jarasiṅgāla — “an old jackal” — this discourse's title image, heard howling at dawn before the Buddha turns it into a teaching.
ukkaṇḍakena … rogajātena — “the disease called mange” — the specific chronic affliction named, rather than injury or age.
abhibhūto pariyādiṇṇacitto — “overcome and overwhelmed” — the discourse's diagnostic phrase for a mind taken over by possessions, honor, and popularity.
anayabyasanaṁ āpajjati — “meets with tragedy and disaster” — the outcome named for both the diseased jackal and the afflicted mendicant, in identical phrasing.
suññāgāragato — “in an empty hut” — one of the three places named where the afflicted mendicant, like the jackal, can find no peace.

The text

The discourse in full. Translation: Bhikkhu Sujato (CC0, SuttaCentral).

§1At Sāvatthī. “Possessions, honor, and popularity are grim … Mendicants, did you hear an old jackal howling at the crack of dawn?” “Yes, sir.” “That old jackal has the disease called mange. He’s not happy in his den, or at the root of a tree, or out in the open. Wherever he goes, stands, sits, or lies down he meets with tragedy and disaster. In the same way, take a certain mendicant whose mind is overcome and overwhelmed by possessions, honor, and popularity. They’re not happy in an empty hut, at the root of a tree, or out in the open. Wherever they go, stand, sit, or lie down they meet with tragedy and disaster. So grim are possessions, honor, and popularity. …”

· · ·

Self-check quiz

Ten questions. Click an answer to see immediate feedback. No score is recorded — this is for your own checking.

Question 1 of 10
What does the Buddha ask the mendicants at the start of this discourse?
Correct: A. A direct question grounding the teaching in a shared, immediate experience.
Question 2 of 10
What specific affliction does the old jackal suffer from?
Correct: A. Ukkaṇḍaka, mange, named precisely rather than left vague.
Question 3 of 10
Where does the diseased jackal fail to find peace?
Correct: A. Three specific places, mirrored exactly in the mendicant's case.
Question 4 of 10
What phrase describes the mendicant's mental condition?
Correct: A. Abhibhūto pariyādiṇṇacitto, the same diagnostic phrase used elsewhere in this collection.
Question 5 of 10
How closely does the mendicant's situation mirror the jackal's?
Correct: A. Exact repetition of postures and places, making the parallel unmistakable.
Question 6 of 10
What is said to happen to the afflicted mendicant in every posture and place?
Correct: A. Anayabyasanaṁ āpajjati, the same outcome named for the jackal.
Question 7 of 10
What does this discourse suggest the real tragedy is?
Correct: A. Ceaseless wandering and restlessness, comparable to the diseased jackal's condition.
Question 8 of 10
Who is the sole speaker in this discourse?
Correct: A. No interlocutor besides the mendicants' brief affirmative reply appears.
Question 9 of 10
Where does the Buddha deliver this teaching?
Correct: A. The setting shared with most discourses in this collection.
Question 10 of 10
What numbering tag closes this discourse?
Correct: A. The eighth discourse of this vagga.
Answered 0 of 10 · Correct 0