Saṃyutta Nikāya · Discourse 20.7

The Drum Called Plugger

Āṇisutta

Setting
Sāvatthī
Speakers
The Buddha alone, addressing the assembled mendicants
Form
A historical anecdote about a named object, applied as a warning about future doctrinal neglect
Length
~1.5 minutes to read
Northern parallel
A rough counterpart may exist in the Chinese Saṃyukta-āgama (T99), though this reading guide does not assert a specific matching sutra number
Difficulty
★★★☆☆ — among the most widely cited images in the tradition for the decline of the Dhamma

Why this discourse

This discourse tells of an ancient drum belonging to the Dasārahas, called the Plugger. Whenever it cracked, they patched it with another plug, until eventually the original wooden shell disappeared entirely, leaving only a mass of plugs where a drum once stood. In the same way, the Buddha warns, future mendicants won't want to listen to his own deep, profound discourses on emptiness; they'll prefer poetry composed by outsiders, and that preference is exactly how his genuine teachings will disappear.

Reading guide

A named object with its own history, not an anonymous image

Unlike most similes in this saṃyutta, which describe generic scenes, this discourse's drum has a specific name, the Plugger, and a named owner, the Dasārahas, giving the comparison the texture of remembered history rather than an invented illustration.

Disappearance through accumulated small repairs, not sudden loss

The drum isn't destroyed in a single dramatic event; it vanishes gradually, one plug replacing one crack at a time, until the cumulative effect of many small, individually reasonable repairs is total transformation — nothing of the original remains.

A precise description of what future mendicants will prefer instead

The discourse doesn't simply say future teachings will be worse; it specifies exactly what will replace the genuine teachings: poetry, kavikatā kāveyyā, with fancy words and phrases, composed by outsiders or disciples rather than spoken by the Buddha himself.

Emptiness named specifically as what's at risk

The discourses at risk of disappearing aren't described generically as important teachings; they're specified as suññatappaṭisaṁyuttā, dealing with emptiness, naming a specific and famously difficult category of teaching as particularly vulnerable to neglect.

A warning that became, in its own telling, self-fulfilling material

This discourse's image of authentic teaching giving way to ornamented substitutes has itself become one of the most frequently cited passages in later discussions about the decline of the Dhamma, an unusual case of a warning about neglect becoming a widely remembered and quoted teaching in its own right.

Key terms

ānako nāma mudiṅgo — “a mridangam drum called the Plugger” — this discourse's named central image, belonging to a specific historical group, the Dasārahas.
aññaṁ āṇiṁ odahiṁsu — “patched it with another plug” — the specific, repeated action that eventually consumed the drum's original material entirely.
āṇisaṅghātova avasissi — “all that was left … was a mass of plugs” — the drum's final state, nothing of the original shell remaining.
suññatappaṭisaṁyuttā — “dealing with emptiness” — the specific category of teaching this discourse names as particularly vulnerable to future neglect.
kavikatā kāveyyā cittakkharā cittabyañjanā — “poetry, with fancy words and phrases” — the specific substitute the discourse predicts future mendicants will prefer over the Buddha's own deep teachings.

The text

The discourse in full. Translation: Bhikkhu Sujato (CC0, SuttaCentral).

§1At Sāvatthī. “Once upon a time, mendicants, the Dasārahas had a <em>mridangam</em> drum called the Plugger. When the Plugger cracked, the Dasārahas patched it with another plug. Eventually, there came a time when the original wooden shell for the drumskin disappeared and all that was left of the <em>mridangam</em> Plugger was a mass of plugs. In the same way, in a future time there will be mendicants who won’t want to listen when discourses spoken by the Realized One—deep, profound, transcendent, dealing with emptiness—are being recited. They won’t actively listen or try to understand, nor will they think those teachings are worth learning and memorizing.

§2But when discourses composed by poets—poetry, with fancy words and phrases, composed by outsiders or spoken by disciples—are being recited they will want to listen. They’ll actively listen and try to understand, and they’ll think those teachings are worth learning and memorizing. And that is how the discourses spoken by the Realized One—deep, profound, transcendent, dealing with emptiness—will disappear. So you should train like this: ‘When discourses spoken by the Realized One—deep, profound, transcendent, dealing with emptiness—are being recited we will want to listen. We will actively listen and trying to understand, and we will think those teachings are worth learning and memorizing.’ That’s how you should train.”

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Self-check quiz

Ten questions. Click an answer to see immediate feedback. No score is recorded — this is for your own checking.

Question 1 of 10
What is distinctive about this discourse's central image compared to most others in this saṃyutta?
Correct: A. Unlike most similes in this collection, which describe generic scenes.
Question 2 of 10
How does the drum eventually lose its original form?
Correct: A. Disappearance through accumulated small repairs, not sudden loss.
Question 3 of 10
What specific category of teaching does this discourse name as particularly at risk of disappearing?
Correct: A. A famously difficult category of teaching specified as particularly vulnerable to neglect.
Question 4 of 10
What does the discourse predict future mendicants will prefer instead of the Buddha's deep teachings?
Correct: A. A precise description of the substitute, not a vague claim that things will simply worsen.
Question 5 of 10
What unusual fate has this discourse's own image had in the wider tradition?
Correct: A. A warning about neglect becoming, ironically, widely remembered and quoted material.
Question 6 of 10
Who owned the drum called the Plugger, according to this discourse?
Correct: A. A specific historical group, distinguishing this image from an anonymous illustration.
Question 7 of 10
What action caused the drum to eventually lose its original shell entirely?
Correct: A. The cumulative effect of many individually reasonable repairs.
Question 8 of 10
Where is this discourse set?
Correct: A. The setting shared throughout most of this saṃyutta.
Question 9 of 10
Who is the sole speaker in this discourse?
Correct: A. No interlocutor appears.
Question 10 of 10
What numbering tag closes this discourse?
Correct: A. The seventh discourse of this saṃyutta.
Answered 0 of 10 · Correct 0