Saṃyutta Nikāya · Discourse 21.12

Companions

Sahāyakasutta

Setting
Sāvatthī
Speakers
The Buddha alone, addressing the assembled mendicants as two companion monks approach
Form
The recognition-scene structure closing this saṃyutta, applied to a pair rather than an individual
Length
~1.5 minutes to read
Northern parallel
A rough counterpart may exist in the Chinese Saṃyukta-āgama (T99), though this reading guide does not assert a specific matching sutra number
Difficulty
★★★☆☆ — closing not only this saṃyutta but the entire Book of Causality (Nidānavagga, SN 12–21)

Why this discourse

This discourse closes Bhikkhusaṃyutta with two mendicants instead of one: lifelong companions, protégés of Venerable Mahākappina, seen approaching together. The Buddha declares them very mighty and powerful, with almost no attainment left to reach, having realized the supreme end of the spiritual path together. The closing verse celebrates their companionship itself as brought together by the true teaching, well trained by Kappina, bearing their final bodies together, having vanquished Māra together. This discourse's own colophon marks something larger than this saṃyutta's end: the completion of the entire Book of Causality, Nidānavagga, spanning SN 12 through 21.

Reading guide

A pair, not an individual, closing the recognition-scene sequence

SN 21.5, 21.6, and 21.11 each featured a single mendicant approaching and being recognized; this discourse completes that structural sequence by applying the identical pattern to two companions together, a natural culmination given the saṃyutta's closing interest in relationships between disciples.

Companionship itself named as a specific achievement

The verse doesn't treat the two mendicants' friendship as incidental background to their individual attainments; it explicitly credits the true teaching with bringing them together and staying together for a long time, naming the companionship as something the Dhamma itself produced and sustained.

A shared teacher named directly in the closing verse

Mahākappina, the subject of the discourse immediately before this one, is named again here as the one who trained both companions well — connecting this closing discourse back to SN 21.11 rather than treating the two as unrelated.

Two levels of completion marked in a single colophon sequence

Where most saṃyutta-closing discourses in this collection mark only their own saṃyutta's end, this discourse's closing material states two distinct completions in sequence: the Linked Discourses on monks are complete, and then, separately, the Book of Causality is finished — confirming SN 21 closes not only Bhikkhusaṃyutta but the entire Nidānavagga spanning SN 12 through 21.

A fitting close to a saṃyutta built around named relationships

Having moved through Moggallāna and Sāriputta's partnership, the Buddha's own cousins, a beautiful mendicant and an ugly one, a gifted teacher, and a misunderstood solitary practitioner, this saṃyutta closes on companionship itself as its final subject — an apt ending for a collection organized around specific people and their relationships to each other and to the Buddha.

Key terms

sahāyakā bhikkhū āyasmato mahākappinassa saddhivihārikā — “companion mendicants, protégés of Venerable Mahākappina” — this discourse's subjects, named both by their relationship to each other and to their shared teacher.
cirasaṁvāsā — “together for a long time” — the verse's description of the companions' enduring relationship, credited to the true teaching itself.
kappinena sudantā — “well trained by Kappina” — the verse's direct naming of Mahākappina as the shared teacher connecting this discourse back to SN 21.11.
bhikkhusaṁyuttaṁ samattaṁ — “the Linked Discourses on monks are complete” — this saṃyutta's own closing colophon.
nidānavaggo samatto — “the Book of Causality is finished” — the second, larger colophon marking the completion of all of Book II, spanning SN 12 through 21.

The text

The discourse in full, followed by this saṃyutta's own colophon and the closing colophon marking the completion of the entire Book of Causality (Nidānavagga). The closing uddāna verse of discourse titles is not translated in the source and is not quoted here; see the reading guide above. Translation: Bhikkhu Sujato (CC0, SuttaCentral).

§1At Sāvatthī. Then two mendicants who were companions, protégés of Venerable Mahākappina, went to see the Buddha. The Buddha saw them coming off in the distance, and addressed the mendicants: “Mendicants, do you see those monks coming who are companions, protégés of Venerable Mahākappina?” “Yes, sir.” “Those mendicants are very mighty and powerful. It’s not easy to find an attainment that they have not already attained. And they’ve realized the supreme end of the spiritual path in this very life. They live having achieved with their own insight the goal for which gentlemen rightly go forth from the lay life to homelessness.”

§2That is what the Buddha said. Then the Holy One, the Teacher, went on to say:

§3“These companion mendicants have been together for a long time. The true teaching has brought them together, the teaching proclaimed by the Buddha.

§4They’ve been well trained by Kappina in the teaching proclaimed by the Noble One. They bear their final body, having vanquished Māra with his legions.”

§5 · ColophonThe Linked Discourses on monks are complete.

§6 · ColophonThe Book of Causality is finished.

· · ·

Self-check quiz

Ten questions. Click an answer to see immediate feedback. No score is recorded — this is for your own checking.

Question 1 of 10
How does this discourse differ from SN 21.5, 21.6, and 21.11 in its central subject?
Correct: A. Completing the structural sequence by extending it to a pair.
Question 2 of 10
What does the closing verse credit for bringing the two companions together?
Correct: A. Naming their companionship as something the Dhamma itself produced and sustained, not incidental background.
Question 3 of 10
Who is named as the shared teacher of these two companions?
Correct: A. Connecting this closing discourse directly back to SN 21.11.
Question 4 of 10
How many distinct levels of completion does this discourse's closing material mark?
Correct: A. Confirming SN 21 closes not only Bhikkhusaṃyutta but all of Nidānavagga, SN 12 through 21.
Question 5 of 10
What is the significance of the phrase "the Book of Causality is finished"?
Correct: A. A far larger scope of completion than the saṃyutta-level colophon alone.
Question 6 of 10
What broader pattern does this reading guide suggest this saṃyutta closes on?
Correct: A. An apt ending for a saṃyutta built around specific people and their relationships throughout.
Question 7 of 10
What does the Buddha declare about the two companion mendicants' attainment?
Correct: A. The same sweeping formula used for individual mendicants elsewhere in this saṃyutta, now applied jointly.
Question 8 of 10
Where is this discourse set?
Correct: A. The setting shared with several discourses in this saṃyutta.
Question 9 of 10
Who is the sole speaker in this discourse?
Correct: A. No interlocutor appears; the two companions themselves never speak in this discourse.
Question 10 of 10
What position does this discourse hold in the overall structure of Book II?
Correct: A. Marked by two colophons in sequence: this saṃyutta's own close, and the whole book's completion.
Answered 0 of 10 · Correct 0